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We propose a principle for exploring context in machine learning models. Starting with a simple assumption that each observation may or may not depend on its context, a conditional probability distribution is decomposed into two parts:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Yun Zeng

Most existing word embedding approaches do not distinguish the same words in different contexts, therefore ignoring their contextual meanings. As a result, the learned embeddings of these words are usually a mixture of multiple meanings. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-04 Jian Tang , Meng Qu , Qiaozhu Mei

Text normalization is an important enabling technology for several NLP tasks. Recently, neural-network-based approaches have outperformed well-established models in this task. However, in languages other than English, there has been little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Daniel Watson , Nasser Zalmout , Nizar Habash

Whole word masking (WWM), which masks all subwords corresponding to a word at once, makes a better English BERT model. For the Chinese language, however, there is no subword because each token is an atomic character. The meaning of a word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Yong Dai , Linyang Li , Cong Zhou , Zhangyin Feng , Enbo Zhao , Xipeng Qiu , Piji Li , Duyu Tang

We propose a new approach to the Chinese word segmentation problem that considers the sentence as an undirected graph, whose nodes are the characters. One can use various techniques to compute the edge weights that measure the connection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Yuanhao Liu , Sheng Yu

As handwriting input becomes more prevalent, the large symbol inventory required to support Chinese handwriting recognition poses unique challenges. This paper describes how the Apple deep learning recognition system can accurately handle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Youssouf Chherawala , Hans J. G. A. Dolfing , Ryan S. Dixon , Jerome R. Bellegarda

This paper proposes a user semantic intent modeling algorithm based on Capsule Networks to address the problem of insufficient accuracy in intent recognition for human-computer interaction. The method represents semantic features in input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Shixiao Wang , Yifan Zhuang , Runsheng Zhang , Zhijun Song

Chinese characters have a complex and hierarchical graphical structure carrying both semantic and phonetic information. We use this structure to enhance the text model and obtain better results in standard NLP operations. First of all, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-05-22 Yannis Haralambous

Automatic character generation is an appealing solution for new typeface design, especially for Chinese typefaces including over 3700 most commonly-used characters. This task has two main pain points: (i) handwritten characters are usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Chuan Wen , Jie Chang , Ya Zhang , Siheng Chen , Yanfeng Wang , Mei Han , Qi Tian

Recent deep learning based approaches have achieved great success on handwriting recognition. Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world. Previous research has mainly focused on recognizing handwritten…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Xu-Yao Zhang , Fei Yin , Yan-Ming Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu , Yoshua Bengio

This paper proposes a modularized sense induction and representation learning model that jointly learns bilingual sense embeddings that align well in the vector space, where the cross-lingual signal in the English-Chinese parallel corpus is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Ta-Chung Chi , Yun-Nung Chen

Spell check is a useful application which processes noisy human-generated text. Spell check for Chinese poses unresolved problems due to the large number of characters, the sparse distribution of errors, and the dearth of resources with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Minh Nguyen , Gia H. Ngo , Nancy F. Chen

Inspired by a concept of content-addressable retrieval from cognitive science, we propose a novel fragment-based model augmented with a lexicon-based memory for Chinese NER, in which both the character-level and word-level features are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Yi Zhou , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

With the success of down streaming task using English pre-trained language model, the pre-trained Chinese language model is also necessary to get a better performance of Chinese NLP task. Unlike the English language, Chinese has its special…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Chao Lv , Han Zhang , XinKai Du , Yunhao Zhang , Ying Huang , Wenhao Li , Jia Han , Shanshan Gu

Slot filling and intent detection are two fundamental tasks in the field of natural language understanding. Due to the strong correlation between these two tasks, previous studies make efforts on modeling them with multi-task learning or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Baohang Zhou , Ying Zhang , Xuhui Sui , Kehui Song , Xiaojie Yuan

We present Charagram embeddings, a simple approach for learning character-based compositional models to embed textual sequences. A word or sentence is represented using a character n-gram count vector, followed by a single nonlinear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-12 John Wieting , Mohit Bansal , Kevin Gimpel , Karen Livescu

We introduce a novel discriminative word alignment model, which we integrate into a Transformer-based machine translation model. In experiments based on a small number of labeled examples (~1.7K-5K sentences) we evaluate its performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Elias Stengel-Eskin , Tzu-Ray Su , Matt Post , Benjamin Van Durme

Gender bias in word embeddings gradually becomes a vivid research field in recent years. Most studies in this field aim at measurement and debiasing methods with English as the target language. This paper investigates gender bias in static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Meichun Jiao , Ziyang Luo

Existing propositions often rely on logical constants for classification. Compared with Western languages that lean towards hypotaxis such as English, Chinese often relies on semantic or logical understanding rather than logical connectives…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Conghui Niu , Mengyang Hu , Lin Bo , Xiaoli He , Dong Yu , Pengyuan Liu

In the last few years, neural networks have been intensively used to develop meaningful distributed representations of words and contexts around them. When these representations, also known as "embeddings", are learned from unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Giuseppe Marra , Andrea Zugarini , Stefano Melacci , Marco Maggini