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Many tools exist to detect dependence between random variables, a core question across a wide range of machine learning, statistical, and scientific endeavors. Although several statistical tests guarantee eventual detection of any…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Nathaniel Xu , Feng Liu , Danica J. Sutherland

We introduce a framework for filtering features that employs the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) as a measure of dependence between the features and the labels. The key idea is that good features should maximise such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Le Song , Alex Smola , Arthur Gretton , Karsten Borgwardt , Justin Bedo

We approach self-supervised learning of image representations from a statistical dependence perspective, proposing Self-Supervised Learning with the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (SSL-HSIC). SSL-HSIC maximizes dependence between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-06 Yazhe Li , Roman Pogodin , Danica J. Sutherland , Arthur Gretton

Conditional independence (CI) is central to causal inference, feature selection, and graphical modeling, yet it is untestable in many settings without additional assumptions. Existing CI tests often rely on restrictive structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Alek Frohlich , Vladimir Kostic , Karim Lounici , Daniel Perazzo , Massimiliano Pontil

Conditional independence (CI) constraints are critical for defining and evaluating fairness in machine learning, as well as for learning unconfounded or causal representations. Traditional methods for ensuring fairness either blindly learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Jensen Hwa , Qingyu Zhao , Aditya Lahiri , Adnan Masood , Babak Salimi , Ehsan Adeli

Learning disentangled representations requires either supervision or the introduction of specific model designs and learning constraints as biases. InfoGAN is a popular disentanglement framework that learns unsupervised disentangled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Xiao Liu , Spyridon Thermos , Pedro Sanchez , Alison Q. O'Neil , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Disentangled Representation Learning aims to improve the explainability of deep learning methods by training a data encoder that identifies semantically meaningful latent variables in the data generation process. Nevertheless, there is no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ruoyu Wang , Lina Yao

Bayesian networks are basic graphical models, used widely both in statistics and artificial intelligence. These statistical models of conditional independence structure are described by acyclic directed graphs whose nodes correspond to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-12-01 Raymond Hemmecke , Silvia Lindner , Milan Studený

We address the problem of unsupervised disentanglement of latent representations learnt via deep generative models. In contrast to current approaches that operate on the evidence lower bound (ELBO), we argue that statistical independence in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Abdul Fatir Ansari , Harold Soh

A simple and intuitive method for feature selection consists of choosing the feature subset that maximizes a nonparametric measure of dependence between the response and the features. A popular proposal from the literature uses the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-12 Keli Liu , Feng Ruan

Unsupervised representation learning seeks to recover latent generative factors, yet standard methods relying on statistical independence often fail to capture causal dependencies. A central challenge is identifiability: as established in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Hans Jarett J. Ong , Brian Godwin S. Lim , Dominic Dayta , Renzo Roel P. Tan , Kazushi Ikeda

We combine conditional variational autoencoders (VAE) with adversarial censoring in order to learn invariant representations that are disentangled from nuisance/sensitive variations. In this method, an adversarial network attempts to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Ye Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Deniz Erdogmus

We investigate the problem of learning representations that are invariant to certain nuisance or sensitive factors of variation in the data while retaining as much of the remaining information as possible. Our model is based on a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-11 Christos Louizos , Kevin Swersky , Yujia Li , Max Welling , Richard Zemel

Kernel dependence measures yield accurate estimates of nonlinear relations between random variables, and they are also endorsed with solid theoretical properties and convergence rates. Besides, the empirical estimates are easy to compute in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-03 Adrián Pérez-Suay , Gustau Camps-Valls

We address the problem of disentangled representation learning with independent latent factors in graph convolutional networks (GCNs). The current methods usually learn node representation by describing its neighborhood as a perceptual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Yanbei Liu , Xiao Wang , Shu Wu , Zhitao Xiao

Recent works investigated the generalization properties in deep neural networks (DNNs) by studying the Information Bottleneck in DNNs. However, the mea- surement of the mutual information (MI) is often inaccurate due to the density…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-16 Denny Wu , Yixiu Zhao , Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai , Makoto Yamada , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

How can we perform efficient inference and learning in directed probabilistic models, in the presence of continuous latent variables with intractable posterior distributions, and large datasets? We introduce a stochastic variational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-13 Diederik P Kingma , Max Welling

A crucial challenge in image-based modeling of biomedical data is to identify trends and features that separate normality and pathology. In many cases, the morphology of the imaged object exhibits continuous change as it deviates from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Denny Wu , Hirofumi Kobayashi , Charles Ding , Lei Cheng , Keisuke Goda Marzyeh Ghassemi

This work develops problem statements related to encoders and autoencoders with the goal of elucidating variational formulations and establishing clear connections to information-theoretic concepts. Specifically, four problems with varying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Karthik Duraisamy

Recently there has been an increased interest in unsupervised learning of disentangled representations using the Variational Autoencoder (VAE) framework. Most of the existing work has focused largely on modifying the variational cost…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-12 Jan Stühmer , Richard E. Turner , Sebastian Nowozin
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