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We investigate the relationship between system identification and intervention design in dynamical systems. While previous research demonstrated how identifiable representation learning methods, such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Goutham Rajendran , Patrik Reizinger , Wieland Brendel , Pradeep Ravikumar

Learning causal relationships among a set of variables, as encoded by a directed acyclic graph, from observational data is complicated by the presence of unobserved confounders. Instrumental variables (IVs) are a popular remedy for this…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-17 Jing Zou , Wei Li , Wei Lin

Independent Mechanism Analysis (IMA) seeks to address non-identifiability in nonlinear Independent Component Analysis (ICA) by assuming that the Jacobian of the mixing function has orthogonal columns. As typical in ICA, previous work…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-22 Shubhangi Ghosh , Luigi Gresele , Julius von Kügelgen , Michel Besserve , Bernhard Schölkopf

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a widespread data exploration technique, where observed signals are modeled as linear mixtures of independent components. From a machine learning point of view, it amounts to a matrix factorization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-28 Pierre Ablin , Alexandre Gramfort , Jean-François Cardoso , Francis Bach

We present a new algorithm for Independent Component Analysis (ICA) which has provable performance guarantees. In particular, suppose we are given samples of the form $y = Ax + \eta$ where $A$ is an unknown $n \times n$ matrix and $x$ is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-11-13 Sanjeev Arora , Rong Ge , Ankur Moitra , Sushant Sachdeva

We propose an extension of non-parametric multivariate finite mixture models by dropping the standard conditional independence assumption and incorporating the independent component analysis (ICA) structure instead. We formulate an…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-11 Xiaotian Zhu , David R. Hunter

Modern data analysis across diverse disciplines increasingly relies on time series. Many of these datasets exhibit cyclostationarity, where patterns approximately repeat in a regular manner, often across multiple time scales, such as daily,…

We consider the problem of recovering a common latent source with independent components from multiple views. This applies to settings in which a variable is measured with multiple experimental modalities, and where the goal is to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-02 Luigi Gresele , Paul K. Rubenstein , Arash Mehrjou , Francesco Locatello , Bernhard Schölkopf

Unsupervised representation learning seeks to recover latent generative factors, yet standard methods relying on statistical independence often fail to capture causal dependencies. A central challenge is identifiability: as established in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Hans Jarett J. Ong , Brian Godwin S. Lim , Dominic Dayta , Renzo Roel P. Tan , Kazushi Ikeda

We propose generalized additive partial linear models for complex data which allow one to capture nonlinear patterns of some covariates, in the presence of linear components. The proposed method improves estimation efficiency and increases…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-05-26 Li Wang , Lan Xue , Annie Qu , Hua Liang

We introduce coroICA, confounding-robust independent component analysis, a novel ICA algorithm which decomposes linearly mixed multivariate observations into independent components that are corrupted (and rendered dependent) by hidden…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-31 Niklas Pfister , Sebastian Weichwald , Peter Bühlmann , Bernhard Schölkopf

A seminal result in the ICA literature states that for $AY = \varepsilon$, if the components of $\varepsilon$ are independent and at most one is Gaussian, then $A$ is identified up to sign and permutation of its rows (Comon, 1994). In this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-21 Geert Mesters , Piotr Zwiernik

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a widely used BSS method that can uniquely achieve source recovery, subject to only scaling and permutation ambiguities, through the assumption of statistical independence on the part of the latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-29 Zois Boukouvalas

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a classical representation learning technique for finding correlated variables in multi-view data. Several nonlinear extensions of the original linear CCA have been proposed, including kernel and deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-09 Tomer Michaeli , Weiran Wang , Karen Livescu

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) offers interpretable semantic components of embeddings. While ICA theory assumes that embeddings can be linearly decomposed into independent components, real-world data often do not satisfy this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Momose Oyama , Hiroaki Yamagiwa , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a widely used method in various applications of signal processing and feature extraction. It extends principal component analysis (PCA) and can extract important and complicated components with small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yoshitatsu Matsuda , Kazunori Yamaguch

Nonlinear machine-learning models are increasingly used to discover causal relationships in time-series data, yet the interpretation of their outputs remains poorly understood. In particular, causal scores produced by regularized neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Valentina Kuskova , Dmitry Zaytsev , Michael Coppedge

Classical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) are ubiquitous in statistics. However, these techniques are only able to reveal linear relationships in data. Although nonlinear variants…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-14 David Lopez-Paz , Suvrit Sra , Alex Smola , Zoubin Ghahramani , Bernhard Schölkopf

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful and popular dimensionality reduction technique. However, due to its linear nature, it often fails to capture the complex underlying structure of real-world data. While Kernel PCA (kPCA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Thomas Uriot , Elise Chung

Existing methods for differentiable structure learning in discrete data typically assume that the data are generated from specific structural equation models. However, these assumptions may not align with the true data-generating process,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chang Deng , Bryon Aragam
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