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We consider the problem of approximating a function by an element of a nonlinear manifold which admits a differentiable parametrization, typical examples being neural networks with differentiable activation functions or tensor networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Anthony Nouy , Agustín Somacal

This manuscript introduces a regression-type formulation for approximating the Perron-Frobenius Operator by relying on distributional snapshots of data. These snapshots may represent densities of particles. The Wasserstein metric is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Amirhossein Karimi , Tryphon T. Georgiou

This paper focuses on the contextual optimization problem where a decision is subject to some uncertain parameters and covariates that have some predictive power on those parameters are available before the decision is made. More…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-12 Zhaoen Li , Maoqi Liu , Zhi-Hai Zhang

Consider a set of points sampled independently near a smooth compact submanifold of Euclidean space. We provide mathematically rigorous bounds on the number of sample points required to estimate both the dimension and the tangent spaces of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Uzu Lim , Harald Oberhauser , Vidit Nanda

We propose a new generalization to quantum states of the Wasserstein distance, which is a fundamental distance between probability distributions given by the minimization of a transport cost. Our proposal is the first where the transport…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Giacomo De Palma , Dario Trevisan

We study the problem of distributional matrix completion: Given a sparsely observed matrix of empirical distributions, we seek to impute the true distributions associated with both observed and unobserved matrix entries. This is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-09 Jacob Feitelberg , Kyuseong Choi , Anish Agarwal , Raaz Dwivedi

Variational problems that involve Wasserstein distances and more generally optimal transport (OT) theory are playing an increasingly important role in data sciences. Such problems can be used to form an examplar measure out of various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Marco Cuturi , Gabriel Peyré

We study the problem of sampling from a probability distribution $\pi$ on $\rset^d$ which has a density \wrt\ the Lebesgue measure known up to a normalization factor $x \mapsto \rme^{-U(x)} / \int_{\rset^d} \rme^{-U(y)} \rmd y$. We analyze…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-17 M. Barkhagen , N. H. Chau , É. Moulines , M. Rásonyi , S. Sabanis , Y. Zhang

Optimal Transport has sparked vivid interest in recent years, in particular thanks to the Wasserstein distance, which provides a geometrically sensible and intuitive way of comparing probability measures. For computational reasons, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Eloi Tanguy

Optimal transport (OT), and in particular the Wasserstein distance, has seen a surge of interest and applications in machine learning. However, empirical approximation under Wasserstein distances suffers from a severe curse of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Ziv Goldfeld , Kristjan Greenewald

With the increasing availability of data objects in the form of probability distributions, there is a growing need for statistical methods tailored to distributional data. Distance measures, especially the pairwise distance matrix between…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-03 Edward Shao , Junyoung Park , Naresh Punjabi , Hui Jiang , Irina Gaynanova

This paper studies minimax optimization problems defined over infinite-dimensional function classes of overparameterized two-layer neural networks. In particular, we consider the minimax optimization problem stemming from estimating linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Yuchen Zhu , Yufeng Zhang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Xiaohong Chen

We formulate the Riemannian calculus of the probability set embedded with $L^2$-Wasserstein metric. This is an initial work of transport information geometry. Our investigation starts with the probability simplex (probability manifold)…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Wuchen Li

Non-negative matrix and tensor factorisations are a classical tool for finding low-dimensional representations of high-dimensional datasets. In applications such as imaging, datasets can be regarded as distributions supported on a space…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-16 Stephen Y. Zhang

Optimal transportation, or computing the Wasserstein or ``earth mover's'' distance between two distributions, is a fundamental primitive which arises in many learning and statistical settings. We give an algorithm which solves this problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Arun Jambulapati , Aaron Sidford , Kevin Tian

Optimal transport induces the Earth Mover's (Wasserstein) distance between probability distributions, a geometric divergence that is relevant to a wide range of problems. Over the last decade, two relaxations of optimal transport have been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Thibault Séjourné , Jean Feydy , François-Xavier Vialard , Alain Trouvé , Gabriel Peyré

The Wasserstein distance received a lot of attention recently in the community of machine learning, especially for its principled way of comparing distributions. It has found numerous applications in several hard problems, such as domain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-23 Nicolas Courty , Rémi Flamary , Mélanie Ducoffe

Optimal transport between classical probability distributions has been proven useful in areas such as machine learning and random combinatorial optimization. Quantum optimal transport, and the quantum Wasserstein distance as the minimal…

We study multi-objective optimization over probability distributions in Wasserstein space. Recently, Nguyen et al. (2025) introduced Multiple Wasserstein Gradient Descent (MWGraD) algorithm, which exploits the geometric structure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Dai Hai Nguyen , Duc Dung Nguyen , Atsuyoshi Nakamura , Hiroshi Mamitsuka

Computing the Wasserstein barycenter of a set of probability measures under the optimal transport metric can quickly become prohibitive for traditional second-order algorithms, such as interior-point methods, as the support size of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-22 Dongdong Ge , Haoyue Wang , Zikai Xiong , Yinyu Ye