Related papers: On the Complexity of the Cogrowth Sequence
Let Mod(S) denote the mapping class group of a compact, orientable surface S. We prove that finitely generated subgroups of Mod(S) which are not virtually abelian have uniform exponential growth with minimal growth rate bounded below by a…
We study the membership problem to context-free languages L (CFLs) on probabilistic words, that specify for each position a probability distribution on the letters (assuming independence across positions). Our task is to compute, given a…
We construct finitely generated simple algebras with prescribed growth types, which can be arbitrarily taken from a large variety of (super-polynomial) growth types. This (partially) answers a question raised by the author in a recent…
We give a new graph-theoretic proof of Cobham's Theorem which says that the support of an automatic sequence is either sparse or grows at least like $N^\alpha$ for some $\alpha > 0$. The proof uses the notions of tied vertices and cycle…
We give a method for effectively generating generalised loxodromics in subgroups of graph products, using positive words. This has several consequences for the growth of subsets of these groups. In particular, we show that graph products of…
By the density of a finite graph we mean its average vertex degree. For an $m$-generated group, the density of its Cayley graph in a given set of generators, is the supremum of densities taken over all its finite subgraphs. It is known that…
We prove that congruences of the cogrowth sequence in a unitriangular group UT$(m, \Bbb Z)$ are undecidable. This is in contrast with abelian groups, where the congruences of the cogrowth sequence are decidable. As an application, we…
The family of graphs of reduced words of a certain subcollection of permutations in the union $\cup_{n\geq 4}\frak{S}_{n}$ of symmetic groups is investigated. The subcollection is characterised by the hook cycle type $(n-2,1,1)$ with…
The \emph{index set} of a computable structure $\mathcal{A}$ is the set of indices for computable copies of $\mathcal{A}$. We determine the complexity of the index sets of various mathematically interesting structures, including arbitrary…
Stackability for finitely presented groups consists of a dynamical system that iteratively moves paths into a maximal tree in the Cayley graph. Combining with formal language theoretic restrictions yields auto- or algorithmic stackability,…
We introduce and study a complexity function on words $c_x(n),$ called \emph{cyclic complexity}, which counts the number of conjugacy classes of factors of length $n$ of an infinite word $x.$ We extend the well-known Morse-Hedlund theorem…
If $G$ is an abelian group, we say $S\subset G$ is a set of recurrence if for every probability measure preserving $G$-system $(X,\mu,T)$ and every $D\subset X$ having $\mu(D)>0$, there is a $g\in S$ such that $\mu(D\cap T^{g}D)>0$. We say…
We investigate the natural codings of linear involutions. We deduce from the geometric representation of linear involutions as Poincar\'e maps of measured foliations a suitable definition of return words which yields that the set of first…
This work proposes an extension to Structured Grammatical Evolution (SGE) called Co-evolutionary Probabilistic Structured Grammatical Evolution (Co-PSGE). In Co-PSGE each individual in the population is composed by a grammar and a genotype,…
Generalised polynomials are maps constructed by applying the floor function, addition, and multiplication to polynomials. Despite superficial similarity, generalised polynomials exhibit many phenomena which are impossible for polynomials.…
We consider the complexity of Green's relations when the semigroup is given by transformations on a finite set. Green's relations can be defined by reachability in the (right/left/two-sided) Cayley graph. The equivalence classes then…
Let $\Gamma_p$ denote the Hecke group where $p=2r$, $r>0$. Let $\mathcal{N}_l$ denote the set of conjugacy classes of reciprocal elements of word length $l$ in $\Gamma_p$. We prove that for $l \to \infty$, $$|\mathcal{N}_l| =…
We count the number of occurrences of certain patterns in given words. We choose these words to be the set of all finite approximations of a sequence generated by a morphism with certain restrictions. The patterns in our considerations are…
This paper introduces and studies a notion of \emph{algorithmic randomness} for subgroups of rationals. Given a randomly generated additive subgroup $(G,+)$ of rationals, two main questions are addressed: first, what are the model-theoretic…
We construct an uncountable family of 3-generated residually finite just-infinite groups with isomorphic profinite completions. We also show that word growth rate is not a profinite property.