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While deep neural networks have succeeded in several visual applications, such as object recognition, detection, and localization, by reaching very high classification accuracies, it is important to note that many real-world applications…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Yu-An Chung , Shao-Wen Yang , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Positive-unlabeled learning (PU learning) is known as a special case of semi-supervised binary classification where only a fraction of positive examples are labeled. The challenge is then to find the correct classifier despite this lack of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Olivier Coudray , Christine Keribin , Pascal Massart , Patrick Pamphile

In data mining applications, feature selection is an essential process since it reduces a model's complexity. The cost of obtaining the feature values must be taken into consideration in many domains. In this paper, we study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-06-04 Hong Zhao , Fan Min , William Zhu

We present a systematic approach for achieving fairness in a binary classification setting. While we focus on two well-known quantitative definitions of fairness, our approach encompasses many other previously studied definitions as special…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Alekh Agarwal , Alina Beygelzimer , Miroslav Dudík , John Langford , Hanna Wallach

Recently, learning with soft labels has been shown to achieve better performance than learning with hard labels in terms of model generalization, calibration, and robustness. However, collecting pointwise labeling confidence for all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Wei Wang , Lei Feng , Yuchen Jiang , Gang Niu , Min-Ling Zhang , Masashi Sugiyama

We design a new adaptive learning algorithm for misclassification cost problems that attempt to reduce the cost of misclassified instances derived from the consequences of various errors. Our algorithm (adaptive cost sensitive learning -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Ohad Volk , Gonen Singer

Cost-sensitive loss functions are crucial in many real-world prediction problems, where different types of errors are penalized differently; for example, in medical diagnosis, a false negative prediction can lead to worse consequences than…

Many real-world classification problems come with costs which can vary for different types of misclassification. It is thus important to develop cost-sensitive classifiers which minimize the total misclassification cost. Although binary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-10 Yi Yang , Yuxuan Guo , Xiangyu Chang

We present surrogate regret bounds for arbitrary surrogate losses in the context of binary classification with label-dependent costs. Such bounds relate a classifier's risk, assessed with respect to a surrogate loss, to its cost-sensitive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-09-15 Clayton Scott

Learning with label dependent label noise has been extensively explored in both theory and practice; however, dealing with instance (i.e., feature) and label dependent label noise continues to be a challenging task. The difficulty arises…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-07 Hyungki Im , Paul Grigas

Feature Selection is a crucial procedure in Data Science tasks such as Classification, since it identifies the relevant variables, making thus the classification procedures more interpretable, cheaper in terms of measurement and more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-17 Sandra Benítez-Peña , Rafael Blanquero , Emilio Carrizosa , Pepa Ramírez-Cobo

Motivated by safety-critical classification problems, we investigate adversarial attacks against cost-sensitive classifiers. We use current state-of-the-art adversarially-resistant neural network classifiers [1] as the underlying models.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-08 Gavin S. Hartnett , Andrew J. Lohn , Alexander P. Sedlack

Being cautious is crucial for enhancing the trustworthiness of machine learning systems integrated into decision-making pipelines. Although calibrated probabilities help in optimal decision-making, perfect calibration remains unattainable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Mari-Liis Allikivi , Joonas Järve , Meelis Kull

We unify f-divergences, Bregman divergences, surrogate loss bounds (regret bounds), proper scoring rules, matching losses, cost curves, ROC-curves and information. We do this by systematically studying integral and variational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-01-06 Mark D. Reid , Robert C. Williamson

Algorithmic fairness has become a central concern in modern machine learning and AI applications. However, two pressing challenges remain: (1) The fairness guarantees of existing methods often rely on specific data distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Xiaotian Hou , Linjun Zhang

Empirical research typically involves a robustness-efficiency tradeoff. A researcher seeking to estimate a scalar parameter can invoke strong assumptions to motivate a restricted estimator that is precise but may be heavily biased, or they…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-17 Timothy B. Armstrong , Patrick Kline , Liyang Sun

Machine learning models have traditionally been developed under the assumption that the training and test distributions match exactly. However, recent success in few-shot learning and related problems are encouraging signs that these models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-15 James Lucas , Mengye Ren , Irene Kameni , Toniann Pitassi , Richard Zemel

Class imbalance is one of the challenging problems for machine learning in many real-world applications, such as coal and gas burst accident monitoring: the burst premonition data is extreme smaller than the normal data, however, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Qiuyan Yan , Shixiong Xia , Fanrong Meng

Many solutions to cost-sensitive classification (and regression) rely on some or all of the following assumptions: we have complete knowledge about the cost context at training time, we can easily re-train whenever the cost context changes,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-31 Celestine Periale Maguedong-Djoumessi , José Hernández-Orallo

We carefully study how well minimizing convex surrogate loss functions, corresponds to minimizing the misclassification error rate for the problem of binary classification with linear predictors. In particular, we show that amongst all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Shai Ben-David , David Loker , Nathan Srebro , Karthik Sridharan