Related papers: Gravitational energy is well defined

Based on a general variational principle, Noether's theorem is revisited. It is shown that the so called pseudotensor problem of the gravitational energy-momentum is a result of mis-reading Noether's theorem, and in fact, all the Noether's…

Traditional approaches to energy-momentum localization led to reference frame dependent pseudotensors. The more modern idea is quasilocal energy-momentum. We take a Hamiltonian approach. The Hamiltonian boundary term gives not only the…

We first describe a class of spinor-curvature identities (SCI) which have gravitational applications. Then we sketch the topic of gravitational energy-momentum, its connection with Hamiltonian boundary terms and the issues of positivity and…

In this paper we show how a gravitational field generated by a given energy-momentum distribution (for all realistic cases) can be represented by distinct geometrical structures (Lorentzian, teleparallel and non null nonmetricity…

Energy-momentum (and angular momentum) for the Metric-Affine Gravity theory is considered from a Hamiltonian perspective (linked with the Noether approach). The important roles of the Hamiltonian boundary term and the many choices involved…

We discuss the concepts of energy and mass in relativity. On a finitely extended spatial region, they lead to the notion of quasilocal energy/mass for the boundary 2-surface in spacetime. A new definition was found in [27] that satisfies…

We establish a general relation between the canonical energy-momentum tensor of Lagrangian dynamics and the tensor that acts as the source of the gravitational field in Einstein's equations, and we show that there is a discrepancy between…

This paper has three main aims: first, to give a pedagogical introduction to Noether's two theorems and their implications for energy conservation in general relativity, which was a central point of discussion between Hilbert, Klein,…

In general relativity, the local gravitational energy is best characterised by the quasilocal mass. The small sphere limit of quasilocal mass provides us the most local notion of gravitational energy. In four dimensions, the limits were…

In the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity it is possible to establish the energy-momentum tensor of the gravitational field. This tensor has the following essential features: (1) it is identified directly in…

The search for the gravitational energy-momentum tensor is often qualified as an attempt of looking for ``the right answer to the wrong question''. This position does not seem convincing to us. We think that we have found the right answer…

The evolution of a generally covariant theory is under-determined. One hundred years ago such dynamics had never before been considered; its ramifications were perplexing, its future important role for all the fundamental interactions under…

This article considers the quasi-local conserved quantities with respect to a reference spacetime with a cosmological constant. We follow the approach developed by the authors in [25,26,7] and define the quasi-local energy as differences of…

Based on a tentative interpretation of gravity as a pressure force, a scalar theory of gravity was previously investigated. It assumes gravitational contraction (dilation) of space (time) standards. In the static case, the same Newton law…

A history of the problem of mathematical and physical definition for the energy-momentum of the gravity field is reviewed. As it was noted 90 years ago by Hilbert (1917), Einstein (1918), Schrodinger (1918) and Bauer (1918) within…

A general definition of energy is given, via the N\"other theorem, for the N-body problem in (1+1) dimensional gravity. Within a first-order Lagrangian framework, the density of energy of a solution relative to a background is identified…

A new generalization of the Hawking-Hayward quasilocal energy to scalar-tensor gravity is proposed without assuming symmetries, asymptotic flatness, or special spacetime metrics. The procedure followed is simple but powerful and consists of…

I describe the Einstein's gravitation of 3+1 dimensional spacetimes using the (2,2) formalism without assuming isometries. In this formalism, quasi-local energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum are identified from the four Einstein's…

The problem of finding a covariant expression for the distribution and conservation of gravitational energy-momentum dates to the 1910s. A suitably covariant infinite-component localization is displayed, reflecting Bergmann's realization…

We study various definitions of the gravitational field energy based on the usage of isometric embeddings in the Regge-Teitelboim approach. For the embedding theory we consider the coordinate translations on the surface as well as the…