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In training neural networks, batch normalization has many benefits, not all of them entirely understood. But it also has some drawbacks. Foremost is arguably memory consumption, as computing the batch statistics requires all instances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Benjamin Berger , Victor Uc Cetina

Inspired by BatchNorm, there has been an explosion of normalization layers in deep learning. Recent works have identified a multitude of beneficial properties in BatchNorm to explain its success. However, given the pursuit of alternative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka

Thanks to the recent development of deep generative models, it is becoming possible to generate high-quality images with both fidelity and diversity. However, the training of such generative models requires a large dataset. To reduce the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Atsuhiro Noguchi , Tatsuya Harada

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been shown to be powerful and flexible priors when solving inverse problems. One challenge of using them is overcoming representation error, the fundamental limitation of the network in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Sean Gunn , Jorio Cocola , Paul Hand

The large capacity of neural networks enables them to learn complex functions. To avoid overfitting, networks however require a lot of training data that can be expensive and time-consuming to collect. A common practical approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Majed El Helou , Frederike Dümbgen , Sabine Süsstrunk

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is an extremely useful component of modern neural network architectures, enabling optimization using higher learning rates and achieving faster convergence. In this paper, we use mean-field theory to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Mingwei Wei , James Stokes , David J Schwab

Adapting a model to perform well on unforeseen data outside its training set is a common problem that continues to motivate new approaches. We demonstrate that application of batch normalization in the output layer, prior to softmax…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Matthew R. Behrend , Sean M. Robinson

Despite huge successes on a wide range of tasks, neural networks are known to sometimes struggle to generalise to unseen data. Many approaches have been proposed over the years to promote the generalisation ability of neural networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Christiaan P. Opperman , Anna S. Bosman , Katherine M. Malan

Normalization techniques have been widely used in the field of deep learning due to their capability of enabling higher learning rates and are less careful in initialization. However, the effectiveness of popular normalization technologies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Afifa Khaled , Chao Li , Jia Ning , Kun He

Online Normalization is a new technique for normalizing the hidden activations of a neural network. Like Batch Normalization, it normalizes the sample dimension. While Online Normalization does not use batches, it is as accurate as Batch…

Batch normalization is widely used in deep learning to normalize intermediate activations. Deep networks suffer from notoriously increased training complexity, mandating careful initialization of weights, requiring lower learning rates,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-19 Lakshmi Annamalai , Chetan Singh Thakur

Despite its short history, Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has been extensively studied and used for various tasks, including its original purpose, i.e., synthetic sample generation. However, applying GAN to different data types with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Minhyeok Lee , Junhee Seok

Normalization layers are one of the key building blocks for deep neural networks. Several theoretical studies have shown that batch normalization improves the signal propagation, by avoiding the representations from becoming collinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Alexandru Meterez , Amir Joudaki , Francesco Orabona , Alexander Immer , Gunnar Rätsch , Hadi Daneshmand

Batch normalization has been widely used to improve optimization in deep neural networks. While the uncertainty in batch statistics can act as a regularizer, using these dataset statistics specific to the training set impairs generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Vincent Michalski , Vikram Voleti , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou , Anthony Ortiz , Pascal Vincent , Chris Pal , Doina Precup

Batch normalization is currently the most widely used variant of internal normalization for deep neural networks. Additional work has shown that the normalization of weights and additional conditioning as well as the normalization of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Wolfgang Fuhl , Enkelejda Kasneci

Randomly initialized neural networks are known to become harder to train with increasing depth, unless architectural enhancements like residual connections and batch normalization are used. We here investigate this phenomenon by revisiting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-15 Hadi Daneshmand , Jonas Kohler , Francis Bach , Thomas Hofmann , Aurelien Lucchi

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been widely applied in different scenarios thanks to the development of deep neural networks. The original GAN was proposed based on the non-parametric assumption of the infinite capacity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Ziqiang Li , Muhammad Usman , Rentuo Tao , Pengfei Xia , Chaoyue Wang , Huanhuan Chen , Bin Li

Batch normalization (BN) is an important technique commonly incorporated into deep learning models to perform standardization within mini-batches. The merits of BN in improving a model's learning efficiency can be further amplified by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Lei Huang , Yi Zhou , Li Liu , Fan Zhu , Ling Shao

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are highly effective unsupervised learning frameworks that can generate very sharp data, even for data such as images with complex, highly multimodal distributions. However GANs are known to be very…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-05 Sitao Xiang , Hao Li

Recently, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown promising performance in generating realistic images. However, they often struggle in learning complex underlying modalities in a given dataset, resulting in poor-quality generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-09 David Keetae Park , Seungjoo Yoo , Hyojin Bahng , Jaegul Choo , Noseong Park