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Weakly supervised whole slide image classification is usually formulated as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem, where each slide is treated as a bag, and the patches cut out of it are treated as instances. Existing methods either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Linhao Qu , Yingfan Ma , Xiaoyuan Luo , Manning Wang , Zhijian Song

Although melanoma occurs more rarely than several other skin cancers, patients' long term survival rate is extremely low if the diagnosis is missed. Diagnosis is complicated by a high discordance rate among pathologists when distinguishing…

In pre-clinical pathology, there is a paradox between the abundance of raw data (whole slide images from many organs of many individual animals) and the lack of pixel-level slide annotations done by pathologists. Due to time constraints and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Marco Bertolini , Van-Khoa Le , Jake Pencharz , Andreas Poehlmann , Djork-Arné Clevert , Santiago Villalba , Floriane Montanari

Automated disease diagnosis using medical image analysis relies on deep learning, often requiring large labeled datasets for supervised model training. Diseases like Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) pose challenges due to scarce and costly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Salome Kazeminia , Max Joosten , Dragan Bosnacki , Carsten Marr

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the gold standard technique for removing high risk nonmelanoma skin cancer however, intraoperative histopathological examination demands significant time, effort, and professionality. The objective of this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Abdurrahim Yilmaz , Serra Atilla Aydin , Deniz Temur , Furkan Yuceyalcin , Berkin Deniz Kahya , Rahmetullah Varol , Ozay Gokoz , Gulsum Gencoglan , Huseyin Uvet , Gonca Elcin

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), a powerful strategy for weakly supervised learning, is able to perform various prediction tasks on gigapixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs). However, the tens of thousands of patches in WSIs usually incur a vast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Zhuchen Shao , Liuxi Dai , Yifeng Wang , Haoqian Wang , Yongbing Zhang

In whole slide images (WSIs) analysis, attention-based multi-instance learning (MIL) models are susceptible to spurious correlations and degrade under domain shift. These methods may assign high attention weights to non-tumor regions, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xin Liu , Weijia Zhang , Wei Tang , Thuc Duy Le , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Min-Ling Zhang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a form of weakly supervised learning where training instances are arranged in sets, called bags, and a label is provided for the entire bag. This formulation is gaining interest because it naturally fits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Marc-André Carbonneau , Veronika Cheplygina , Eric Granger , Ghyslain Gagnon

The recent surge in performance for image analysis of digitised pathology slides can largely be attributed to the advances in deep learning. Deep models can be used to initially localise various structures in the tissue and hence facilitate…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-15 Simon Graham , Quoc Dang Vu , Mostafa Jahanifar , Shan E Ahmed Raza , Fayyaz Minhas , David Snead , Nasir Rajpoot

In this paper, we propose a novel interpretation method tailored to histological Whole Slide Image (WSI) processing. A Deep Neural Network (DNN), inspired by Bag-of-Features models is equipped with a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) branch…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Magdalini Paschali , Muhammad Ferjad Naeem , Walter Simson , Katja Steiger , Martin Mollenhauer , Nassir Navab

In recent years, a standard computational pathology workflow has emerged where whole slide images are cropped into tiles, these tiles are processed using a foundation model, and task-specific models are built using the resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Eric Zimmermann , Julian Viret , Michal Zelechowski , James Brian Hall , Neil Tenenholtz , Adam Casson , George Shaikovski , Eugene Vorontsov , Siqi Liu , Kristen A Severson

Pathological diagnosis remains the definitive standard for identifying tumors. The rise of multimodal large models has simplified the process of integrating image analysis with textual descriptions. Despite this advancement, the substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Xiaomin Wu , Rui Xu , Pengchen Wei , Wenkang Qin , Peixiang Huang , Ziheng Li , Lin Luo

In histopathology, intelligent diagnosis of Whole Slide Images (WSIs) is essential for automating and objectifying diagnoses, reducing the workload of pathologists. However, diagnostic models often face the challenge of forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Weixi Zheng , Aoling Huang , Jingping Yuan , Haoyu Zhao , Zhou Zhao , Yongchao Xu , Thierry Géraud

Deep Learning-based computational pathology algorithms have demonstrated profound ability to excel in a wide array of tasks that range from characterization of well known morphological phenotypes to predicting non-human-identifiable…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-24 Ming Y. Lu , Dehan Kong , Jana Lipkova , Richard J. Chen , Rajendra Singh , Drew F. K. Williamson , Tiffany Y. Chen , Faisal Mahmood

Pathology detection and delineation enables the automatic interpretation of medical scans such as chest X-rays while providing a high level of explainability to support radiologists in making informed decisions. However, annotating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Philip Müller , Felix Meissen , Johannes Brandt , Georgios Kaissis , Daniel Rueckert

The diagnosis of prostate cancer faces a problem with overdiagnosis that leads to damaging side effects due to unnecessary treatment. Research has shown that the use of multi-parametric magnetic resonance images to conduct biopsies can…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-04 Pedro C. Neto

The emerging area of computational pathology (CPath) is ripe ground for the application of deep learning (DL) methods to healthcare due to the sheer volume of raw pixel data in whole-slide images (WSIs) of cancerous tissue slides. However,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-23 Jevgenij Gamper , Navid Alemi Koohbanani , Ksenija Benes , Simon Graham , Mostafa Jahanifar , Syed Ali Khurram , Ayesha Azam , Katherine Hewitt , Nasir Rajpoot

Stains are essential in histopathology to visualize specific tissue characteristics, with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) serving as the clinical standard. However, pathologists frequently utilize a variety of special stains for the diagnosis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Oskar Thaeter , Christian Grashei , Anette Haas , Elisa Schmoeckel , Han Li , Peter J. Schüffler

Whole slide image (WSI) classification is a critical task in computational pathology, requiring the processing of gigapixel-sized images, which is challenging for current deep-learning methods. Current state of the art methods are based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Jingwei Zhang , Saarthak Kapse , Ke Ma , Prateek Prasanna , Joel Saltz , Maria Vakalopoulou , Dimitris Samaras

Treatment approaches for colorectal cancer (CRC) are highly dependent on the molecular subtype, as immunotherapy has shown efficacy in cases with microsatellite instability (MSI) but is ineffective for the microsatellite stable (MSS)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Hadar Hezi , Matan Gelber , Alexander Balabanov , Yosef E. Maruvka , Moti Freiman