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Leakage errors take qubits out of the computational subspace and will accumulate if not addressed. A leaked qubit will reduce the effectiveness of quantum error correction protocols due to the cost of implementing leakage reduction circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Natalie C. Brown , Kenneth R. Brown

Projective measurements are an essential element of quantum mechanics. In most cases, they cause an irreversible change of the quantum system on which they act. However, measurements can also be used to stabilize quantum states from decay…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-18 Yasushi Kondo , Yuichiro Matsuzaki , Kei Matsushima , Jefferson G. Filgueiras

Leakage errors, in which a qubit is excited to a level outside the qubit subspace, represent a significant obstacle in the development of robust quantum computers. We present a computationally efficient simulation methodology for studying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Hidetaka Manabe , Yasunari Suzuki , Andrew S. Darmawan

Leakage errors occur when a quantum system leaves the two-level qubit subspace. Reducing these errors is critically important for quantum error correction to be viable. To quantify leakage errors, we use randomized benchmarking in…

Many realizations of solid-state qubits involve couplings to leakage states lying outside the computational subspace, posing a threat to high-fidelity quantum gate operations. Mitigating leakage errors is especially challenging when the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-05 Joydip Ghosh , S. N. Coppersmith , Mark Friesen

Quantum computing can become scalable through error correction, but logical error rates only decrease with system size when physical errors are sufficiently uncorrelated. During computation, unused high energy levels of the qubits can…

Going beyond the entanglement of microscopic objects (such as photons, spins, and ions), here we propose an efficient approach to produce and control the quantum entanglement of three macroscopic coupled superconducting qubits. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 L. F. Wei , Yu-xi Liu , Franco Nori

Population leakage outside the qubit subspace presents a particularly harmful source of error that cannot be handled by standard error correction methods. Using a trapped $^{171}$Yb$+$ ion, we demonstrate an optical pumping scheme to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-06 D. Hayes , D. Stack , B. Bjork , A. C. Potter , C. H. Baldwin , R. P. Stutz

The quantum Zeno effect, in its original form, uses frequent projective measurements to freeze the evolution of a quantum system that is initially governed by a fixed Hamiltonian. We generalize this effect simultaneously in three directions…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-04-09 Tim Möbus , Michael M. Wolf

We show how the quantum Zeno effect can be exploited to control quantum many-body dynamics for quantum information and computation purposes. In particular, we consider a one dimensional array of three level systems interacting via a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-11 Alex Monras , Oriol Romero-Isart

Superconducting qubits are a promising platform for building fault-tolerant quantum computers, with recent achievement showing the suppression of logical error with increasing code size. However, leakage into non-computational states, a…

In solid-state circuit QED system, we extend the previous study of generating and stabilizing two-qubit Bell state [Phys. Rev. A 82, 032335 (2010)], to three-qubit GHZ state. In dispersive regime, we employ the homodyne joint readout for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Wei Feng , Peiyue Wang , Xinmei Ding , Luting Xu , Xin-Qi Li

The quantum Zeno effect is usually thought to require infinitely frequent and perfect projective measurements to freeze the dynamics of quantum states. We show that perfect freezing of quantum states can also be achieved by more realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-13 David Layden , Eduardo Martin-Martinez , Achim Kempf

The quantum Zeno effect (QZE) is the phenomenon where the unitary evolution of a quantum state is suppressed e.g. due to frequent measurements. Here, we investigate the use of the QZE in a class of communication complexity problems (CCPs).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-08 Armin Tavakoli , Hammad Anwer , Alley Hameedi , Mohamed Bourennane

We analyze an entangling protocol to generate tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states in a system consisting of three superconducting qubits with pairwise coupling. The dynamics of the open quantum system is investigated by taking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 S. Spilla , R. Migliore , M. Scala , A. Napoli

Quantum repeaters pave the way for long-distance quantum communications and quantum Internet, and the idea of quantum repeaters is based on entanglement swapping which requires the implementation of controlled quantum gates. Frequently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-20 Veysel Bayrakci , Fatih Ozaydin

Leakage of quantum information out of computational states into higher energy states represents a major challenge in the pursuit of quantum error correction (QEC). In a QEC circuit, leakage builds over time and spreads through multi-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Kevin C. Miao , Matt McEwen , Juan Atalaya , Dvir Kafri , Leonid P. Pryadko , Andreas Bengtsson , Alex Opremcak , Kevin J. Satzinger , Zijun Chen , Paul V. Klimov , Chris Quintana , Rajeev Acharya , Kyle Anderson , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Joseph C. Bardin , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Juan Campero , Ben Chiaro , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Dripto M. Debroy , Sean Demura , Andrew Dunsworth , Catherine Erickson , Reza Fatemi , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Gonzalo Garcia , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Marissa Giustina , Raja Gosula , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Jonathan A. Gross , Michael C. Hamilton , Sean D. Harrington , Paula Heu , Jeremy Hilton , Markus R. Hoffmann , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Julian Kelly , Seon Kim , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Lily Laws , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Alexander T. Lill , Wayne Liu , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Steven Martin , Anthony Megrant , Xiao Mi , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Rebecca Potter , Charles Rocque , Pedram Roushan , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Christopher Schuster , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vladimir Shvarts , Jindra Skruzny , W. Clarke Smith , George Sterling , Marco Szalay , Douglas Thor , Alfredo Torres , Theodore White , Bryan W. K. Woo , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist , Hartmut Neven , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Andre Petukhov , Alexander N. Korotkov , Daniel Sank , Yu Chen

We investigate whether and how the quantum Zeno effect, i.e., the inhibition of quantum evolution by frequent measurements, can be employed to isolate a quantum dot from its surrounding electron reservoir. In contrast to the often studied…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-09-28 N. Ahmadiniaz , M. Geller , J. König , P. Kratzer , A. Lorke , G. Schaller , R. Schützhold

A complete suppression of the exponential decay in a qubit (interacting with a squeezed vacuum reservoir) can be achieved by frequent measurements of adequately chosen observables. The observables and initial states (Zeno subspace) for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-12 Md. Manirul Ali , Po-Wen Chen , Alec Maassen van den Brink , Hsi-Sheng Goan

High-fidelity quantum operations require the system dynamics to be strictly confined to the computational subspace. In practice, however, control fields inevitably couple to leakage levels, giving rise to quantum state leakage that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Ting Lin , Zi-Hao Qin , Zheng-Yuan Xue , Tao Chen