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Entropy is a fundamental property of a repertoire. Here, we present an efficient algorithm to estimate the entropy of types with the help of Zhang's estimator. The algorithm takes advantage of the fact that the number of different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Antoni Lozano , Bernardino Casas , Chris Bentz , Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

We introduce a simple, yet novel entropy-based framework to drive token efficiency in large language models during reasoning tasks. Our approach uses Shannon entropy from token-level logprobs as a confidence signal to enable early stopping,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Aman Sharma , Paras Chopra

The scientific method relies on the iterated processes of inference and inquiry. The inference phase consists of selecting the most probable models based on the available data; whereas the inquiry phase consists of using what is known about…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-19 N. K. Malakar , K. H. Knuth

We present a method of automatically synthesizing steps to solve search problems. Given a specification of a search problem, our approach uses symbolic execution to analyze the specification in order to extract a set of constraints which…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Mara Downing , Abtin Molavi , Lucas Bang

A new method is proposed for analyzing complexity and studying the information in random geometric networks using Tsallis entropy tool. Tsallis entropy of the ensemble of random geometric networks is calculated based on the components of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-02-20 O. K. Kazemi , S. M. Taheri

We show that the way in which the Shannon entropy of sequences produced by an information source converges to the source's entropy rate can be used to monitor how an intelligent agent builds and effectively uses a predictive model of its…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 James P. Crutchfield , David P. Feldman

Hidden Markov chains are widely applied statistical models of stochastic processes, from fundamental physics and chemistry to finance, health, and artificial intelligence. The hidden Markov processes they generate are notoriously…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2021-05-26 Alexandra M. Jurgens , James P. Crutchfield

The mutual information (MI) between two random variables is an important correlation measure in data analysis. The Shannon entropy of a joint probability distribution is the variable part under fixed marginals. We aim to minimize and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Paula Franke , Kay Hamacher , Paul Manns

The new estimates of the conditional Shannon entropy are introduced in the framework of the model describing a discrete response variable depending on a vector of d factors having a density w.r.t. the Lebesgue measure in R^d. Namely, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-25 Alexander Bulinski , Alexey Kozhevin

We investigate the memory properties of discrete sequences built upon a finite number of states. We find that the block entropy can reliably determine the memory for systems modeled as Markov chains of arbitrary finite order. Further, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-11-21 Juan De Gregorio , David Sanchez , Raul Toral

Shannon entropy is widely used to quantify the uncertainty of discrete random variables. But when normalized to the unit interval, as is often done in practice, it no longer conveys the alphabet sizes of the random variables being studied.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-26 John Çamkıran

We propose a method to derive the stationary size distributions of a system, and the degree distributions of networks, using maximisation of the Gibbs-Shannon entropy. We apply this to a preferential attachment-type algorithm for systems of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-03-17 Cornelia Metzig , Caroline Colijn

Entropy measures are effective features for time series classification problems. Traditional entropy measures, such as Shannon entropy, use probability distribution function. However, for the effective separation of time series, new entropy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Andrei Velichko , Maksim Belyaev , Yuriy Izotov , Murugappan Murugappan , Hanif Heidari

A method for estimating the Shannon differential entropy of multidimensional random variables using independent samples is described. The method is based on decomposing the distribution into a product of the marginal distributions and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-22 Gil Ariel , Yoram Louzoun

Compressed Counting (CC) [22] was recently proposed for estimating the ath frequency moments of data streams, where 0 < a <= 2. CC can be used for estimating Shannon entropy, which can be approximated by certain functions of the ath…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Ping Li

Entropy has been a common index to quantify the complexity of time series in a variety of fields. Here, we introduce increment entropy to measure the complexity of time series in which each increment is mapped into a word of two letters,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-01-20 Xiaofeng Liu , Aimin Jiang , Ning Xu , Jianru Xue

We explore the relation between entanglement entropy of quantum many body systems and the distribution of corresponding, properly selected, observables. Such a relation is necessary to actually measure the entanglement entropy. We show that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Israel Klich , Gil Refael , Alessandro Silva

We propose a compression-based version of the empirical entropy of a finite string over a finite alphabet. Whereas previously one considers the naked entropy of (possibly higher order) Markov processes, we consider the sum of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-04-05 Paul M. B. Vitányi

In this paper, we estimate the Shannon entropy $S(f) = -\E[ \log (f(x))]$ of a one-sided linear process with probability density function $f(x)$. We employ the integral estimator $S_n(f)$, which utilizes the standard kernel density…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-10 Timothy Fortune , Hailin Sang

Estimating the entropy based on data is one of the prototypical problems in distribution property testing and estimation. For estimating the Shannon entropy of a distribution on $S$ elements with independent samples, [Paninski2004] showed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Yanjun Han , Jiantao Jiao , Chuan-Zheng Lee , Tsachy Weissman , Yihong Wu , Tiancheng Yu