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Nanophotonics research has focused recently on the ability of non-linear optical processes to mediate and transform optical signals in a myriad of novel devices, including optical modulators, transducers, color filters, photodetectors,…

Owing to the discrete frequency spectrum of whispering gallery resonators (WGRs), the resonance and phase-matching conditions for the interacting waves in the case of second-harmonic generation (SHG) cannot generally be fulfilled…

Optics · Physics 2021-04-23 Jan Szabados , Nicolás Amiune , Boris Sturman , Ingo Breunig

The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using…

Nonlinear frequency conversion plays a crucial role in advancing the functionality of next-generation optical systems. Portable metrology references and quantum networks will demand highly efficient second-order nonlinear devices, and the…

Aluminum nitride and silicon nitride have recently emerged as important nonlinear optical materials in integrated photonics respectively for their quadratic and cubic optical nonlinearity. A composite aluminum nitride and silicon nitride…

Optics · Physics 2017-12-04 Joshua B. Surya , Xiang Guo , Chang-Ling Zou , Hong X. Tang

Lithium niobate (LN), dubbed by many as the silicon of photonics, has recently risen to the forefront of chip-scale nonlinear optics research since its demonstration as an ultralow-loss integrated photonics platform. Due to its significant…

Optical resonances in nanostructures enable strong enhancement of nonlinear processes at the nanoscale, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), with high-$Q$ modes providing intensified light--matter interactions and sharp spectral…

Photonic integrated resonators stand out as reliable frequency converters due to their compactness and stability, with second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiencies of up to 17000%/W reported recently in aluminum nitride microrings. In this…

We present experimental results on the observation of a bulk second-order nonlinear susceptibility derived from both free-space and integrated measurements in silicon nitride. Phase-matching is achieved through dispersion engineering of the…

Nonlinear metasurfaces provide a route to compact frequency conversion by replacing phase matching and long interaction lengths with resonantly enhanced light matter interaction in subwavelength structures. Extending this capability to…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-21 Zetian Chen , Noa Mazurski , Uriel Levy

Nanophotonic supercontinuum generation offers a practical route to chip-based f-2f interferometry by leveraging coexisting chi(2) and chi(3) nonlinearities. In conventional uniform waveguides, the phase-matching bandwidth for…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-27 Xinyan Chi , Ruoao Yang , Zhiyuan Li , Tuo Liu , Haoxuan Zhang , Biyan Zhan , Xianwen Liu

Since the first observation of second harmonic generation (SHG), there have been extensive studies on this nonlinear phenomenon not only to clarify its physical origin but also to realize unconventional functionalities. Nonetheless, a…

High quality factor optical microcavities have been employed in a variety of material systems to enhance nonlinear optical interactions. While single-crystalline aluminum nitride microresonators have recently emerged as a low loss platform…

We demonstrate a simple and scalable approach to increase conversion efficiencies of nonlinear metasurfaces by incorporating them into multipass cells and by letting the pump beam to interact with the metasurfaces multiple times. We…

Chip-scale nonlinear optics enables strong light-matter interactions within compact devices, serving as a fundamental platform for multifunctional integrated photonics from classical optical signal processing to quantum information…

Integrating 2D materials onto on-chip photonic devices holds significant potential for nonlinear frequency conversion across various applications. The lack of inversion symmetry in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs),…

Nonlinear optical phenomena in nanostructured materials have been challenging our perceptions of nonlinear optical processes that have been explored since the invention of lasers. For example, the ability to control optical field…

Integrated thin-film lithium niobate platform has recently emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation, high-efficiency wavelength conversion systems that allow dense packaging and mass-production. Here we demonstrate efficient,…

Achieving compact and efficient visible laser sources is crucial for a wide range of applications. However traditional semiconductor laser technology faces difficulties in producing high-brightness green light, leaving a green gap in…

Plasmonic enhancement of nonlinear optical processes confront severe limitations arising from the strong dispersion of metal susceptibilities and small interaction volumes that hamper desirable phase-matching-like conditions. Maximizing…