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Related papers: Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs)

200 papers

Replication ensures data availability in fault-prone distributed systems. The celebrated CAP theorem stipulates that replicas cannot guarantee both strong consistency and availability under network partitions. A popular alternative, adopted…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Petr Kuznetsov , Maxence Perion , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

***** This design is a duplicate of a Causal Length Set (see notes in the comments). We leave nonetheless the original paper here because the proofs are referred to in another submission.***** The 2P-Set Conflict-Free Replicated Data Type…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Erick Lavoie

Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) are a natural structure with which to communicate information about a shared computation in a distributed setting where coordination overhead may not be tolerated, and individual participants are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Taylor Blau

Conventional blockchains use consensus algorithms that totally order updates across all accounts, which is stronger than necessary to implement a replicated ledger. This makes updates slower and more expensive than necessary. More recent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Erick Lavoie

We introduce Conflict-Aware Replicated Data Types (CARDs). CARDs are significantly more expressive than Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) as they support operations that can conflict with each other. Introducing conflicting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Nicholas V. Lewchenko , Arjun Radhakrishna , Akash Gaonkar , Pavol Černý

We explore the property of equivocation tolerance for Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs). We show that a subclass of CRDTs is equivocation-tolerant and can thereby cope with any number of Byzantine faults: Without equivocation…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Florian Jacob , Saskia Bayreuther , Hannes Hartenstein

Consensus protocols are fundamental in distributed systems as they enable software with strong consistency properties. However, designing optimized protocols for specific use-cases under certain system assumptions is typically a laborious…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Julian Haas , Ragnar Mogk , Annette Bieniusa , Mira Mezini

Digital collaboration systems support asynchronous work over replicated data, where conflicts arise when concurrent operations cannot be unambiguously integrated into a shared history. While Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Georgii Semenov , Vitaly Aksenov

Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) for JSON allow users to concurrently update a JSON document and automatically merge the updates into a consistent state. Moving a subtree in a map or reordering elements in a list within a JSON…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Liangrun Da , Martin Kleppmann

Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) allow collaborative access to an app's data. We describe a novel CRDT operation, for-each on the list of CRDTs, and demonstrate its use in collaborative apps. Our for-each operation applies a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Matthew Weidner , Ria Pradeep , Benito Geordie , Heather Miller

Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) are a promising tool for designing scalable, coordination-free distributed systems. However, constructing correct CRDTs is difficult, posing a challenge for even seasoned developers. As a result,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Shadaj Laddad , Conor Power , Mae Milano , Alvin Cheung , Joseph M. Hellerstein

To ensure high availability in large scale distributed systems, Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) relax consistency by allowing immediate query and update operations at the local replica, with no need for remote synchronization.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Vitor Enes , Paulo Sérgio Almeida , Carlos Baquero , João Leitão

Commutative Replicated Data-Type (CRDT) is a new class of algorithms that ensures scalable consistency of replicated data. It has been successfully applied to collaborative editing of texts without complex concurrency control. In this…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-10-19 Stéphane Martin , Pascal Urso , Stéphane Weiss

General solutions of state machine replication have to ensure that all replicas apply the same commands in the same order, even in the presence of failures. Such strict ordering incurs high synchronization costs caused by distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Jan Skrzypczak , Florian Schintke , Thorsten Schütt

Distributed systems address the increasing demand for fast access to resources and fault tolerance for data. However, due to scalability requirements, software developers need to trade consistency for performance. For certain data,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Xin Zhao , Philipp Haller

Internet-scale distributed systems often replicate data at multiple geographic locations to provide low latency and high availability. The Conflict-free Replicated Data Type (CRDT) is a framework that provides a principled approach to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Yuqi Zhang , Yu Huang , Hengfeng Wei , Xiaoxing Ma

State-based Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) are widely used in distributed systems to ensure high availability without coordination. However, their naive synchronization strategy - transmitting the full state - incurs high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Pedro Silva Gomes , Miguel Boaventura Rodrigues , Carlos Baquero

Distributed systems adopt weak consistency to ensure high availability and low latency, but state convergence is hard to guarantee due to conflicts. Experts carefully design replicated data types (RDTs) that resemble sequential data types…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Kevin De Porre , Carla Ferreira , Elisa Gonzalez Boix

All 26 neural network merge strategies we tested including weight averaging, SLERP, TIES, DARE, Fisher merging, and evolutionary approaches -- fail the algebraic properties (commutativity, associativity, idempotency) required for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ryan Gillespie

Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) are designed for replica convergence without global coordination or consensus. Recent work has achieved the same in a Byzantine environment, through DAG-like structures based on cryptographic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Paulo Sérgio Almeida , Ehud Shapiro