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We review recent insights into the dynamics of the solar convection zone obtained from global numerical simulations, focusing on two recent developments in particular. The first is quasi-cyclic magnetic activity in a long-duration dynamo…
Using data from the Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) that covers the period from 1995 to 1998 we study the change in frequencies of solar oscillations with solar activity. From these frequencies we attempt to determine any possible…
Both GONG and MDI projects have measured {\it p}-mode frequencies of the Sun for more than 7 years. Here we review what we have learnt from the temporal variation of the oscillation frequencies and splitting coefficients.
Continuous observations play an important role in the studies of solar variability. While such observations can be achieved from space with almost 100% duty cycle, it is difficult to accomplish very high duty cycle from the ground. In this…
A comprehensive understanding of the solar magnetic cycle requires detailed modeling of the solar interior including the maintenance and variation of large scale flows (differential rotation and meridional flow), the solar dynamo and the…
The Sun supports a rich spectrum of internal waves that are continuously excited by turbulent convection. The GONG network and the MDI/SOHO space instrument provide an exceptional data base of spatially-resolved observations of solar…
We analyze spectral properties of solar convection in the range of depths from 0 to 19~Mm using subsurface flow maps obtained by the time-distance heiioseismology analysis of solar-oscillation data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager…
We present results on variation in rotation rate in the upper convection zone using data from GONG and MDI/SOHO covering a period of more than four years. We find that the first few odd-order splitting coefficients vary systematically with…
Data obtained by the GONG and MDI instruments over the last seven years are used to study how solar dynamics -- both rotation and other large scale flows -- have changed with time. In addition to the well known phenomenon of bands of faster…
Meridional flow is thought to play a very important role in the dynamics of the solar convection zone; however, because of its relatively small amplitude, precisely measuring it poses a significant challenge. Here we present a complete…
As the global magnetic field of the Sun has an activity cycle, one expects to observe some variation of the dynamical properties of the flows visible in the photosphere. We investigate the flow field during the solar cycle by analysing…
Convection, differential rotation, and meridional circulation of solar plasma are studied based on helioseismic data covering the period from May 2010 to August 2024, significantly prolonged compared to that previously considered. Depth…
We present a nonlinear mean-field model of the solar interior dynamics and dynamo, which reproduces the observed cyclic variations of the global magnetic field of the Sun, as well as the differential rotation and meridional circulation.…
The dynamics of the solar radiative interior are still poorly constrained by comparison to the convective zone. This disparity is even more marked when we attempt to derive meaningful temporal variations. Many data sets contain a small…
Spectral analysis of the spatial structure of solar subphotospheric convection is carried out for subsurface flow maps constructed using the time--distance helioseismological technique. The source data are obtained from the Helioseismic and…
The solar magnetism is no more considered as a purely superficial phenomenon. The SoHO community has shown that the length of the solar cycle depends on the transition region between radiation and convection. Nevertheless, the internal…
We establish that global solar p-mode frequencies can be measured with sufficient precision on time scales as short as nine days to detect activity-related shifts. Using ten years of GONG data, we report that mode-mass and error-weighted…
We use subsurface-flow velocity maps inferred by time--distance helioseismology from Doppler measurements with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to investigate variations of large-scale…
Large-scale plasma flows in the Sun's convection zone likely play a major role in solar dynamics on decadal timescales. In particular, quantifying meridional motions is a critical ingredient for understanding the solar cycle and the…
Helioseismology has provided very detailed inferences about rotation of the solar interior. Within the convection zone the rotation rate roughly shares the latitudinal variation seen in the surface differential rotation. The transition to…