Related papers: What Current Flows Through a Resistor?
In equilibrium, the number of conduction electrons in a solid substance depends on the conformation of the atoms in the substance. When a magnetic field is applied, it takes time for the system to come to a new equilibrium with a new…
The longitudinal transport problem (the current is applied parallel to some bias magnetic field) in type-II superconductors is analyzed theoretically. Based on analytical results for simplified configurations, and relying on numerical…
We investigate quantum synchronization phenomena in electrical circuits that incorporate specifically designed nonconservative elements. A dissipative theory of classical and quantized electrical circuits is developed based on the Rayleigh…
We present a generic, compact formula for the current flowing in interacting and non-interacting systems which are driven out-of-equilibrium by biased reservoirs described by Lindblad jump operators. We show that, in the limit of high…
The displacement current, introduced by Maxwell, has led to persistent confusion regarding its role in generating magnetic fields. To find a new way to understand classical magnetism, in this work, the displacement current is first…
We introduce the notion of a generalized flow on a graph with coefficients in a R-representation and show that the module of flows is isomorphic to the first derived functor of the colimit. We generalize Kirchhoff's laws and build an exact…
We consider free lattice fermions subjected to a static bounded potential and a time- and space-dependent electric field. For any bounded convex region $\mathcal{R}\subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$ ($d\geq 1$) of space, electric fields $\mathcal{E}$…
In spirit of the principle of least action, which means that when a perturbation is applied to a physical system its reaction is such that it modifies its state to "agree" with the perturbation by "minimal" change of its initial state. In…
The Pfirsch-Schl\"uter current is a current that flows along the magnetic field lines in a toroidal plasma equilibrium that is required to make the plasma current density divergence free in the presence of a plasma-pressure gradient. A…
The asymptotic structure of outflows from rotating magnetized objects confined by a uniform external pressure is calculated. The flow is assumed to be perfect MHD, polytropic, axisymmetric and stationary. The well known associated first…
We compare the magnetic field at the center of and the self-magnetic flux through a current-carrying circular loop, with those obtained for current-carrying polygons with the same perimeter. As the magnetic field diverges at the position of…
Students often have difficulty in understanding qualitatively the behaviour of simple electric circuits. In particular, as different studies have shown, they find multiple batteries connected in multiple loops difficult to analyse. In a…
Cosmic magnetic structures have in common that they are anchored in a dynamo, that an external driver converts kinetic energy into internal magnetic energy, that this magnetic energy is transported as Poynting flux across the magnetically…
The classical theory of electrodynamics cannot explain the existence and structure of electric and magnetic dipoles, yet it incorporates such dipoles into its fundamental equations, simply by postulating their existence and properties, just…
Using a combination of Eulerian and Lagrangian variables we obtain some exact results and good approximation schemes for the time evolution of the electron flow from a no-current state to a final stationary current state in a planar…
We consider circular currents in molecular wires with loop substructures studied within simple tight-binding models. Previous studies of this issue have focused on specific molecular structures. Here we address several general issues. First…
A theory of electron counting statistics in quantum transport is presented. It involves an idealized scheme of current measurement using a spin 1/2 coupled to the current so that it precesses at the rate proportional to the current. Within…
We derive the general circuit equations and system models directly from four Maxwell's equations and develop the electric-charge-based and magnetic-flux-based analysis methodologies to unify the analyses for both phase-independent circuits…
The DC Josephson effect is the flow of supercurrent across a weak link between two superconductors with a different value of their order parameter, the phase. We generalize this notion to any kind of spontaneous continuous symmetry…
When a circular loop composed by a RLC is put to oscillate, the oscillation will eventually vanish in an exponentially decaying current, even considering superconducting wires, due to the emission of electric and magnetic dipole radiation.…