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Consider an algebraic function like $F(x) = \sqrt{x^3 - 1}$. If $p \in \mathbb{Q}$ is a rational number, how many iterates of $p$ under $F$ can also be rational? The dynamics of algebraic functions may be formalized in the language of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Trevor Hyde

In analogy to the definition of the lambda-determinant, we define a one-parameter deformation of the Dodgson condensation formula for Pfaffians. We prove that the resulting rational function is a polynomial with weights given by the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-27 Theresia Eisenkölbl , Masao Ishikawa , Jiang Zeng

In multicentric calculus one takes a polynomial $p$ with distinct roots as a new variable and represents complex valued functions by $\mathbb C^d$-valued functions, where $d$ is the degree of $p$. An application is e.g. the possibility to…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2021-04-23 Diana Andrei , Olavi Nevanlinna , Tiina Vesanen

Recent years have witnessed the introduction and development of extremely fast rational function algorithms. Many ideas in this realm arose from polynomial-based linear-algebraic algorithms. However, polynomial approximation is occasionally…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-03 James Chok , Geoffrey M. Vasil

For certain class of hypergeometric functions ${}_3F_2$ with rational parameters, we give a sufficient condition for the special value at $1$ to be expressed in terms of logarithms of algebraic numbers. We give two proofs, both of which are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-04 Masanori Asakura , Noriyuki Otsubo , Tomohide Terasoma

Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained under which the numerator of the partial derivative of a rational function holomorphic in open upper poly-halfplane is the sum of squares of polynomials.

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2021-07-01 M. F. Bessmertnyi

Hypergeometric class equations are given by second order differential operators in one variable whose coefficient at the second derivative is a polynomial of degree $\leq2$, at the first derivative of degree $\leq1$ and the free term is a…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Jan Dereziński

The Frobenius manifold structure on the space of rational functions with multiple simple poles is constructed. In particular, the dependence of the Saito-flat coordinates on the flat coordinates of the intersection form is studied. While…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Alessandro Proserpio , Ian A. B. Strachan

We present an algorithm to compute all factorizations into linear factors of univariate polynomials over the split quaternions, provided such a factorization exists. Failure of the algorithm is equivalent to non-factorizability for which we…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-11-08 Daniel F. Scharler , Hans-Peter Schröcker

We construct a class of representations of the quadratic R-matrix algebra, given by the reflection equation with the spectral parameter, in terms of certain ordinary difference operators. These operators turn out to act as parameter…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 Vadim B. Kuznetsov

We present a new algorithm to decompose generic spinor polynomials into linear factors. Spinor polynomials are certain polynomials with coefficients in the geometric algebra of dimension three that parametrize rational conformal motions.…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Zijia Li , Hans-Peter Schröcker , Johannes Siegele

This paper is part of a program to understand the parameter spaces of dynamical systems generated by meromorphic functions with finitely many singular values. We give a full description of the parameter space for a specific family based on…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2022-01-24 Tao Chen , Yunping Jiang , Linda Keen

We consider the isotropic perimeter generating functions of three-choice, imperfect, and 1-punctured staircase polygons, whose 8th order linear Fuchsian ODEs are previously known. We derive simple relationships between the three generating…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-07-11 M. Assis , M. van Hoeij , J-M. Maillard

The space of holomorphic foliations of codimension one and degree $d\geq 2$ in $\mathbb{P}^n$ ($n\geq 3$) has an irreducible component whose general element can be written as a pullback $F^*\mathcal{F}$, where $\mathcal{F}$ is a general…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-03-27 V. Ferrer , I. Vainsencher

Let $F$ be a rational function of one complex variable of degree $m\geq 2$. The function $F$ is called simple if for every $z\in \mathbb C\mathbb P^1$ the preimage $F^{-1}\{z\}$ contains at least $m-1$ points. We show that if $F$ is a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-01 Fedor Pakovich

We consider the rational linear relations between real numbers whose squared trigonometric functions have rational values, angles we call ``geodetic''. We construct a convenient basis for the vector space over Q generated by these angles.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John H. Conway , Charles Radin , Lorenzo Sadun

We investigate semiconjugate rational functions, that is rational functions $A,$ $B$ related by the functional equation $A\circ X=X\circ B$, where $X$ is a rational function of degree at least two. We show that if $A$ and $B$ is a pair of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-08-17 F. Pakovich

This paper sets the groundwork for the consideration of families of recursively defined polynomials and rational functions capable of describing the Bernoulli numbers. These families of functions arise from various recursive definitions of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-31 Christina Taylor

Investigation of the generalized trigonometric and hyperbolic functions containing two parameters has been a very active research area over the last decade. We believe, however, that their monotonicity and convexity properties with respect…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-11-21 Dmitrii Karp , Elena Prilepkina

Four families of generalizations of trigonometric functions were recently introduced. In the paper the functions are transformed into four families of orthogonal polynomials depending on two variables. Recurrence relations for construction…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Lenka Motlochova , Jiri Patera