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We present a latent variable model for classification that provides a novel probabilistic interpretation of neural network softmax classifiers. We derive a variational objective to train the model, analogous to the evidence lower bound…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Shehzaad Dhuliawala , Mrinmaya Sachan , Carl Allen

Deep learning models have become increasingly useful in many different industries. On the domain of image classification, convolutional neural networks proved the ability to learn robust features for the closed set problem, as shown in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Rafael S. Pereira , Alexis Joly , Patrick Valduriez , Fabio Porto

The computational cost of training with softmax cross entropy loss grows linearly with the number of classes. For the settings where a large number of classes are involved, a common method to speed up training is to sample a subset of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Ankit Singh Rawat , Jiecao Chen , Felix Yu , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Sanjiv Kumar

In this paper, we focus on the separability of classes with the cross-entropy loss function for classification problems by theoretically analyzing the intra-class distance and inter-class distance (i.e. the distance between any two points…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Rudrajit Das , Subhasis Chaudhuri

In recent years, the softmax model and its fast approximations have become the de-facto loss functions for deep neural networks when dealing with multi-class prediction. This loss has been extended to language modeling and recommendation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-19 Ugo Tanielian , Flavian Vasile

Neural network classifiers trained with cross-entropy loss achieve strong predictive accuracy but lack the capability to provide inherent predictive uncertainty estimates, thus requiring external techniques to obtain these estimates. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-08 Courtney Franzen , Farhad Pourkamali-Anaraki

Softmax loss is widely used in deep neural networks for multi-class classification, where each class is represented by a weight vector, a sample is represented as a feature vector, and the feature vector has the largest projection on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Yuhui Yuan , Kuiyuan Yang , Chao Zhang

A novel technique for deep learning of image classifiers is presented. The learned CNN models offer better separation of deep features (also known as embedded vectors) measured by Euclidean proximity and also no deterioration of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Rafal Pilarczyk , Wladyslaw Skarbek

Learning systems match predicted scores to observations over some domain. Often, it is critical to produce accurate predictions in some subset (or region) of the domain, yet less important to accurately predict in other regions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Gil I. Shamir , Manfred K. Warmuth

The Softmax function is used in the final layer of nearly all existing sequence-to-sequence models for language generation. However, it is usually the slowest layer to compute which limits the vocabulary size to a subset of most frequent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Sachin Kumar , Yulia Tsvetkov

Recently, learning discriminative features to improve the recognition performances gradually becomes the primary goal of deep learning, and numerous remarkable works have emerged. In this paper, we propose a novel yet extremely simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Binghui Chen , Weihong Deng , Haifeng Shen

Feature learning is a widely used method employed for large-scale face recognition. Recently, large-margin softmax loss methods have demonstrated significant enhancements on deep face recognition. These methods propose fixed positive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Chingis Oinar , Binh M. Le , Simon S. Woo

This paper introduces the concept of uniform classification, which employs a unified threshold to classify all samples rather than adaptive threshold classifying each individual sample. We also propose the uniform classification accuracy as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Qiufu Li , Xi Jia , Jiancan Zhou , Linlin Shen , Jinming Duan

Large scale image classification models trained on top of popular datasets such as Imagenet have shown to have a distributional skew which leads to disparities in prediction accuracies across different subsections of population…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Rohan Mahadev , Anindya Chakravarti

This paper addresses deep face recognition (FR) problem under open-set protocol, where ideal face features are expected to have smaller maximal intra-class distance than minimal inter-class distance under a suitably chosen metric space.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Weiyang Liu , Yandong Wen , Zhiding Yu , Ming Li , Bhiksha Raj , Le Song

Intra-class compactness and inter-class separability are crucial indicators to measure the effectiveness of a model to produce discriminative features, where intra-class compactness indicates how close the features with the same label are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Yan Luo , Yongkang Wong , Mohan Kankanhalli , Qi Zhao

Noisy labels pose a common challenge for training accurate deep neural networks. To mitigate label noise, prior studies have proposed various robust loss functions to achieve noise tolerance in the presence of label noise, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jialiang Wang , Xiong Zhou , Deming Zhai , Junjun Jiang , Xiangyang Ji , Xianming Liu

Cross-entropy loss with softmax output is a standard choice to train neural network classifiers. We give a new view of neural network classifiers with softmax and cross-entropy as mutual information evaluators. We show that when the dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Zhenyue Qin , Dongwoo Kim , Tom Gedeon

When samples have internal structure, we often see a mismatch between the objective optimized during training and the model's goal during inference. For example, in sequence-to-sequence modeling we are interested in high-quality translated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Xi Gao , Han Zhang , Aliakbar Panahi , Tom Arodz

Despite the undeniable progress in visual recognition tasks fueled by deep neural networks, there exists recent evidence showing that these models are poorly calibrated, resulting in over-confident predictions. The standard practices of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Balamurali Murugesan , Bingyuan Liu , Adrian Galdran , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz