Related papers: A Language Hierarchy of Binary Relations
In this paper we show how the theory of monads can be used to deduce in a uniform manner several duality theorems involving categories of relations on one side and categories of algebras with homomorphisms preserving only some operations on…
In this short survey we describe recent advances on word equations with non-rational constraints in groups and monoids, highlighting the important role that formal languages play in this area.
Linguistic similarity is multi-faceted. For instance, two words may be similar with respect to semantics, syntax, or morphology inter alia. Continuous word-embeddings have been shown to capture most of these shades of similarity to some…
We display a family of Stone-type dualities linking categories of frames carrying pairs of modal operators to categories of spaces carrying a binary relation. Different notions of morphism used on the relational side lead to significant…
We define a monoidal semantics for algebraic theories. The basis for the definition is provided by the analysis of the structural rules in the term calculus of algebraic languages. Models are described both explicitly, in a form that…
We study here preference revision, considering both the monotonic case where the original preferences are preserved and the nonmonotonic case where the new preferences may override the original ones. We use a relational framework in which…
Binary multirelations can model alternating nondeterminism, for instance, in games or nondeterministically evolving systems interacting with an environment. Such systems can show partial or total functional behaviour at both levels of…
We formalize the general principle of significance with respect to binary relations which is a universal tool for description and analysis of various situations in and apart from mathematics. We derive the basic properties and focus on a…
In this paper, we explore a connection between binary hierarchical models, their marginal polytopes and codeword polytopes, the convex hulls of linear codes. The class of linear codes that are realizable by hierarchical models is…
Despite interest in using cross-lingual knowledge to learn word embeddings for various tasks, a systematic comparison of the possible approaches is lacking in the literature. We perform an extensive evaluation of four popular approaches of…
The category $\mathbf{Rel}$ is the category of sets (objects) and relations (morphisms). Equipped with the direct product of sets, $\mathbf{Rel}$ is a monoidal category. Moreover, $\mathbf{Rel}$ is a locally posetal 2-category, since every…
Bilingual word embeddings, which representlexicons of different languages in a shared em-bedding space, are essential for supporting se-mantic and knowledge transfers in a variety ofcross-lingual NLP tasks. Existing approachesto training…
Lexical resemblances among a group of languages indicate that the languages could be genetically related, i.e., they could have descended from a common ancestral language. However, such resemblances can arise by chance and, hence, need not…
We establish the hierarchy among twelve equivalence relations (similarities) on the class of relational structures: the equality, the isomorphism, the equimorphism, the full relation, four similarities of structures induced by similarities…
The first step when forming the polynomial hierarchies of languages is to consider languages of the form KaL where K and L are over a finite alphabet A and from a given variety V of languages, a being a letter from A. All such KaL's…
Logical relations constitute a key method for reasoning about contextual equivalence of programs in higher-order languages. They are usually developed on a per-case basis, with a new theory required for each variation of the language or of…
Hierarchical attention networks have recently achieved remarkable performance for document classification in a given language. However, when multilingual document collections are considered, training such models separately for each language…
Let A be an alphabet and W be a set of words in the free monoid A*. Let S(W) denote the Rees quotient over the ideal of A* consisting of all words that are not subwords of words in W. We call a set of words W finitely based if the monoid…
MSO transductions are binary relations between structures which are defined using monadic second-order logic. MSO transductions form a category, since they are closed under composition. We show that many notions from language theory, such…
We show that the equality language of two non-periodic binary morphisms is generated by at most two words. If its rank is two, then the generators start (and end) with different letters. This in particular implies that any binary language…