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We show that pivoting property of graph states cannot be derived from the axioms of the ZX-calculus, and that pivoting does not imply local complementation of graph states. Therefore the ZX-calculus augmented with pivoting is strictly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-31 Ross Duncan , Simon Perdrix

Quantum dot-based spin qubit realization is one of the most promising quantum computing systems owing to its integrability with classical computation hardware and its versatility in realizing qubits and quantum gates. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Yash Tiwari , Aditya Dev , Vishvendra Singh Poonia

The stabilizer ZX-calculus is a rigorous graphical language for reasoning about quantum mechanics.The language is sound and complete: a stabilizer ZX-diagram can be transformed into another one if and only if these two diagrams represent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-04 Miriam Backens , Simon Perdrix , Quanlong Wang

Recently Bravyi, Gosset and K\"onig (Science 2018) proved an unconditional separation between the computational powers of small-depth quantum and classical circuits for a relation. In this paper we show a similar separation in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-27 François Le Gall

An efficient technique of computing on encrypted data allows a client with limited capability to perform complex operations on a remote fault-tolerant server without leaking anything about the input or output. Quantum computing provides…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Mohit Joshi , Manoj Kumar Mishra , S. Karthikeyan

While stabilizer tableaus have proven exceptionally useful as a descriptive tool for additive quantum codes, they offer little guidance for concrete constructions or coding algorithm analysis. We introduce a representation of stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Andrey Boris Khesin

When visualised as an operation on the Bloch sphere, the qubit "pi-over-eight" gate corresponds to one-eighth of a complete rotation about the vertical axis. This simple gate often plays an important role in quantum information theory,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-17 Mark Howard , Jiri Vala

Calculi of string diagrams are increasingly used to present the syntax and algebraic structure of various families of circuits, including signal flow graphs, electrical circuits and quantum processes. In many such approaches, the semantic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Brendan Fong , Fabio Zanasi

Quantum circuits which perform integer arithmetic could potentially outperform their classical counterparts. In this paper, a quantum circuit is considered which performs a specific computational pattern on classically represented integers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-16 Christopher M. Maynard , Einar Pius

A leading choice of error correction for scalable quantum computing is the surface code with lattice surgery. The basic lattice surgery operations, the merging and splitting of logical qubits, act non-unitarily on the logical states and are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Niel de Beaudrap , Dominic Horsman

Systematic discovery of optimization paths in quantum circuit simplification remains a challenge. Today, ZX-calculus, a computing model for quantum circuit transformation, is attracting attention for its highly abstract graph-based…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kayo Tei , Haruto Mishina , Naoki Yamamoto , Kazunori Ueda

Two circuits are considered to be equivalent under noise if the effect of faults on one circuit is no worse than the effect of faults on the other circuit. We call this relationship fault equivalence. Fault equivalence offers a way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Maximilian Rüsch , Aleks Kissinger , Benjamin Rodatz

Recently Shi proved that Toffoli and Hadamard are universal for quantum computation. This is perhaps the simplest universal set of gates that one can hope for, conceptually; It shows that one only needs to add the Hadamard gate to make a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dorit Aharonov

Quantum information science strives to leverage the quantum-mechanical nature of our universe in order to achieve large improvements in certain information processing tasks. In deep-space optical communications, current receivers for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy

Holonomic Quantum Computation (HQC) is an all-geometrical approach to quantum information processing. In the HQC strategy information is encoded in degenerate eigen-spaces of a parametric family of Hamiltonians. The computational network of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Jiannis Pachos , Paolo Zanardi

Transversal gates are the simplest form of fault-tolerant gates and are relatively easy to implement in practice. Yet designing codes that support useful transversal operations -- especially non-Clifford or addressable gates -- remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 ChunJun Cao , Brad Lackey

This paper introduces a symbolic calculus to evaluate the output signals at the target line(s) of quantum computing subcircuits using controlled negations and controlled-Q gates, where Q represents the k-th root of [0 1; 1 0], the unitary…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-04-28 Fatima Hadjam , Claudio Moraga

Graphical languages, like quantum circuits or ZX-calculus, have been successfully designed to represent (memoryless) quantum computations acting on a finite number of qubits. Meanwhile, delayed traces have been used as a graphical way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-29 Titouan Carette , Marc de Visme , Simon Perdrix

We propose a universal quantum computing scheme in which the orthogonal qubit states $|0>$ and $|1>$ are identical in their single-particle spin and charge properties. Each qubit is contained in a single quantum dot and gate operations are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jordan Kyriakidis , Guido Burkard

Path sums are a convenient symbolic formalism for quantum operations with applications to the simulation, optimization, and verification of quantum protocols. Unlike quantum circuits, path sums are not limited to unitary operations, but can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Matthew Amy , Owen Bennett-Gibbs , Neil J. Ross