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We simulate the assembly of a massive rich cluster and the formation of its constituent galaxies in a flat, low-density universe. Our most accurate model follows the collapse, the star-formation history and the orbital motion of all…
We have analyzed a sample of galaxies belonging to three clusters: Coma, Abell 85, and Abell 496 (real galaxies) and a sample of simulated elliptical galaxies formed in a hierarchical merging scheme (virtual galaxies). We use the Sersic law…
This pedagogical review of galaxy cluster simulations is based on three lectures given at the 2008 Enrico Fermi Summer School entitled "Astrophysics of Galaxy Clusters". It covers the standard cosmological framework, growth of perturbations…
We investigate the origin of the color-magnitude relation (CMR) observed in cluster galaxies by using a combination of cosmological N-body/SPH simulations of galaxy clusters, and a semi-analaytic model of galaxy formation (Lagos, Cora &…
Recent progress in the dynamical analysis of elliptical galaxy kinematics is reviewed. Results reported briefly include (i) the surprisingly uniform anisotropy structure of luminous ellipticals, (ii) their nearly flat (to $\sim 2R_e$)…
We present evidence for non-Gaussian velocity fields within the cores of luminous elliptical galaxies. This evidence is based upon high signal-to-noise, medium-resolution spectroscopy of the cores of early-type members of the Virgo and Coma…
We investigate the chemo-dynamical evolution of elliptical galaxies, to understand the origin of the mass-dependence of photometric properties such as the colour-magnitude relation (CMR). Our three-dimensional TREE N-body/SPH numerical…
We study present-day galaxy clustering in the EAGLE cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. EAGLE's galaxy formation parameters were calibrated to reproduce the redshift $z=0.1$ galaxy stellar mass function, and the simulation also…
We use cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to investigate formation of galactic bulges within the framework of hierarchical clustering in a representative CDM cosmological model. We show that largest objects forming at cosmological…
This review focuses on how galaxies and their globular cluster systems form. I first discuss the now fairly convincing evidence that some globular clusters form in galaxy starbursts/mergers. One way these observations are valuable is they…
To understand how well galaxies, gas and intracluster stars trace dark matter in and around galaxy clusters, we use the IllustrisTNG cosmological hydrodynamical simulation and compare the spatial distribution of dark matter with those of…
We present an overview of galaxy evolution across cosmic time in the Illustris Simulation. Illustris is an N-body/hydrodynamical simulation that evolves 2*1820^3 resolution elements in a (106.5Mpc)^3 box from cosmological initial conditions…
In the last decades, extended old stellar clusters have been observed. These extended objects cover a large range in masses, from extended clusters or faint fuzzies to ultra compact dwarf galaxies. It has been demonstrated that these…
We use Enzo, a hybrid Eulerian AMR/N-body code including non-gravitational heating and cooling, to explore the morphology of the X-ray gas in clusters of galaxies and its evolution in current generation cosmological simulations. We employ…
We explore the use of the tangential component of weak lensing shear to characterize the ellipticity of clusters of galaxies. We introduce an ellipticity estimator, and quantify its properties for isolated clusters from LCDM N-body…
The photometric evolution of galaxies in a hierarchically clustering universe is investigated. The study is based on high resolution numerical simulations which include the effects of gas dynamics, shock heating, radiative cooling and a…
Compact elliptical galaxies are characterized by small sizes and high stellar densities. They are thought to form through tidal stripping of massive progenitors. However, only a handful of them were known, preventing us from understanding…
We revisit the scaling relations and star-forming histories of local elliptical galaxies using a novel selection method applied to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7. We combine two probability-based automated spectroscopic and morphological…
As our closest cluster-neighbor, the Virgo cluster of galaxies is intensely studied by observers to unravel the mysteries of galaxy evolution within clusters. At this stage, cosmological numerical simulations of the cluster are useful to…
Numerical simulations of galaxy mergers are a powerful tool to study these fundamental events in the hierarchical built-up of galaxies. Recent progress have been made owing to improved modeling, increased resolution and large statistical…