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Pre-trained language models have been widely exploited to learn dense representations of documents and queries for information retrieval. While previous efforts have primarily focused on improving effectiveness and user satisfaction,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Cristina Ioana Muntean , Franco Maria Nardini , Raffaele Perego , Guido Rocchietti , Cosimo Rulli

In recent years, conversational agents have provided a natural and convenient access to useful information in people's daily life, along with a broad and new research topic, conversational question answering (QA). Among the popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Yongqi Li , Wenjie Li , Liqiang Nie

This paper investigates the design of a unified search engine to serve multiple retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) agents, each with a distinct task, backbone large language model (LLM), and RAG strategy. We introduce an iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Alireza Salemi , Hamed Zamani

The vocabulary mismatch problem is one of the important challenges facing traditional keyword-based Information Retrieval Systems. The aim of query expansion (QE) is to reduce this query-document mismatch by adding related or synonymous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Dipasree Pal , Mandar Mitra , Samar Bhattacharya

Tables on the Web contain a vast amount of knowledge in a structured form. To tap into this valuable resource, we address the problem of table retrieval: answering an information need with a ranked list of tables. We investigate this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Shuo Zhang , Krisztian Balog

Citation recommendation systems for the scientific literature, to help authors find papers that should be cited, have the potential to speed up discoveries and uncover new routes for scientific exploration. We treat this task as a ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Rodrigo Nogueira , Zhiying Jiang , Kyunghyun Cho , Jimmy Lin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become the standard paradigm for grounding Large Language Model outputs in external knowledge. Lumer et al. [1] presented the first systematic evaluation comparing vector-based agentic RAG against…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Afshan Hashmi

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with hallucinations and outdated information. To address this, Information Retrieval (IR) systems can be employed to augment LLMs with up-to-date knowledge. However, existing IR techniques contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Danupat Khamnuansin , Tawunrat Chalothorn , Ekapol Chuangsuwanich

Query reformulations have long been a key mechanism to alleviate the vocabulary-mismatch problem in information retrieval, for example by expanding the queries with related query terms or by generating paraphrases of the queries. In this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Xiao Wang , Craig Macdonald , Iadh Ounis

In this paper we describe a mechanism to improve Information Retrieval (IR) on the web. The method is based on Formal Concepts Analysis (FCA) that it is makes semantical relations during the queries, and allows a reorganizing, in the shape…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-03-09 Abderrahim El Qadi , Driss Aboutajedine , Yassine Ennouary

Question answering (QA) systems provide a way of querying the information available in various formats including, but not limited to, unstructured and structured data in natural languages. It constitutes a considerable part of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Munazza Zaib , Wei Emma Zhang , Quan Z. Sheng , Adnan Mahmood , Yang Zhang

Long-form Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) brings the challenge of coverage-based ranking, because ranking methods must ensure the inclusion of comprehensive relevant nuggets (i.e., facts), which can thereby be synthesized into a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jia-Huei Ju , Eugene Yang , Trevor Adriaanse , Suzan Verberne , Andrew Yates

Typically, every part in most coherent text has some plausible reason for its presence, some function that it performs to the overall semantics of the text. Rhetorical relations, e.g. contrast, cause, explanation, describe how the parts of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Christina Lioma , Birger Larsen , Wei Lu

Scientists always look for the most accurate and relevant answer to their queries on the scholarly literature. Traditional scholarly search systems list documents instead of providing direct answers to the search queries. As data in…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Golsa Heidari , Ahmad Ramadan , Markus Stocker , Sören Auer

We introduce the novel task of answering entity-seeking recommendation questions using a collection of reviews that describe candidate answer entities. We harvest a QA dataset that contains 47,124 paragraph-sized real user questions from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Danish Contractor , Krunal Shah , Aditi Partap , Mausam , Parag Singla

Question Answering (QA) systems have traditionally relied on structured text data, but the rapid growth of multimedia content (images, audio, video, and structured metadata) has introduced new challenges and opportunities for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Rahul Raja , Arpita Vats

Rank fusion is a powerful technique that allows multiple sources of information to be combined into a single result set. However, to date fusion has not been regarded as being cost-effective in cases where strict per-query efficiency…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Rodger Benham , Joel Mackenzie , Alistair Moffat , J. Shane Culpepper

Query Auto-Completion (QAC) is an ubiquitous feature of modern textual search systems, suggesting possible ways of completing the query being typed by the user. Efficiency is crucial to make the system have a real-time responsiveness when…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Simon Gog , Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Rossano Venturini

Searching is an important tool of information gathering, if information is in the form of picture than it play a major role to take quick action and easy to memorize. This is a human tendency to retain more picture than text. The complexity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-12-12 Anamika Sharma

Retrieval question answering (ReQA) is the task of retrieving a sentence-level answer to a question from an open corpus (Ahmad et al.,2019).This paper presents MultiReQA, anew multi-domain ReQA evaluation suite com-posed of eight retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Mandy Guo , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer , Qinlan Shen , Noah Constant