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We study the transition probabilities of a two-point measurement on a quantum system, initially prepared in a thermal state. We find two independent constraints on the difference between transition probabilities when the system is prepared…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Ludovico Tesser , Matteo Acciai , Christian Spånslätt , Inès Safi , Janine Splettstoesser

The past twenty years have seen a resurgence of interest in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, thanks to advances in the theory of stochastic processes and in their thermodynamic interpretation. Fluctuation theorems provide fundamental…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-11-16 Robert Marsland , Jeremy England

The characteristic function for heat fluctuations in a non equilibrium system is characterised by a large deviation function whose symmetry gives rise to a fluctuation theorem. In equilibrium the large deviation function vanishes and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-08 Hans C. Fogedby

The generating functional is derived for the fluctuation-dissipation relations which result from the unitarity and reversibility of microscopic dynamics and connect various statistical characteristics of many consecutive (continuous)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuriy E. Kuzovlev

We show that the energy statistics resulting from a two-point measurement of an isolated quantum system subject to a time-dependent driving protocol can be probed by subjecting the same system to a collision with a suitably prepared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-21 Samuel L. Jacob , Gabriel T. Landi , Massimiliano Esposito , Felipe Barra

In the conventional two-point measurement scheme of quantum thermodynamics, quantum coherence is destroyed by the first measurement. But as we know the coherence really plays an important role in the quantum thermodynamics process, and how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-30 Bao-Ming Xu , Jian Zou , Li-Sha Guo , Xiang-Mu Kong

Employing the stochastic wave function method, we study quantum features of stochastic entropy production in nonequilibrium processes of open systems. It is demonstarted that continuous measurements on the environment introduce an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-16 B. Leggio , A. Napoli , A. Messina , H. -P. Breuer

While the fluctuation theorem in classical systems has been thoroughly generalized under various feedback control setups, an intriguing situation in quantum systems, namely under continuous feedback, remains to be investigated. In this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-11 Toshihiro Yada , Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Takahiro Sagawa

Continuously measured quantum systems are characterized by an output current, in the form of a stochastic and correlated time series which conveys crucial information about the underlying quantum system. The many tools used to describe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Gabriel T. Landi , Michael J. Kewming , Mark T. Mitchison , Patrick P. Potts

Quantum measurement is a physical process. A system and an apparatus interact for a certain time period (measurement time), and during this interaction, information about an observable is transferred from the system to the apparatus. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-31 Takayuki Miyadera

Fluctuation theorems and the second law of thermodynamics are powerful relations constraining the behavior of out-of-equilibrium systems. While there exist generalizations of these relations to feedback controlled quantum systems, their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Kacper Prech , Patrick P. Potts

The recently demonstrated robustness of fluctuation theorems against measurements [M. Campisi \emph{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{105} 140601 (2010)] does not imply that the probability distributions of nonequilibrium quantities, such…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-04-19 Michele Campisi , Peter Talkner , Peter Hänggi

An overview is given of recent advances in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics about the statistics of random paths and current fluctuations. Although statistics is carried out in space for equilibrium statistical mechanics, statistics is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-04-12 Pierre Gaspard

The fluctuations of the heat current in a quantum dot coupled to electron reservoirs are calculated at finite frequency, voltage and temperature using the nonequilibrium Green function technique. The non-symmetrized heat noise is expressed…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 A. Crépieux

The non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems is one of the most fascinating problems in physics. Open questions range from how they relax to equilibrium to how to extract useful work from them. A critical point lies in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-23 J. Mur-Petit , A. Relaño , R. A. Molina , D. Jaksch

The transient quantum fluctuation theorems of Crooks and Jarzynski restrict and relate the statistics of work performed in forward and backward forcing protocols. So far these theorems have been obtained under the assumption that the work…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-02-07 B. Prasanna Venkatesh , Gentaro Watanabe , Peter Talkner

The theory of phenomenological Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics is extended by includimg stochastic processes in order to account for recently derived thermodynamical relations such as the Jarzynski equality. Four phenomenological axioms are…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2016-07-20 Wolfgang Muschik

While the warming trends of the Earth's mean temperature are evident at climatological scales, the local temperature at shorter timescales are highly fluctuating. In this letter we show that the probabilities of such fluctuations are…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-04-21 Jun Yin , Amilcare Porporato , Lamberto Rondoni

Nonequilibrium processes of small systems such as molecular machines are ubiquitous in biology, chemistry and physics, but are often challenging to comprehend. In the past two decades, several exact thermodynamic relations of nonequilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-02-26 Thai M. Hoang , Rui Pan , Jonghoon Ahn , Jaehoon Bang , H. T. Quan , Tongcang Li

We establish the fluctuation theorem in the presence of information exchange between a nonequilibrium system and other degrees of freedom such as an observer and a feedback controller, where the amount of information exchange is added to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-05 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda