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Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown success in diverse domains such as robotics, computer games, and recommendation systems. However, like any other software system, DRL-based software systems are susceptible to faults that pose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Rached Bouchoucha , Ahmed Haj Yahmed , Darshan Patil , Janarthanan Rajendran , Amin Nikanjam , Sarath Chandar , Foutse Khomh

Deep learning (DL) models have seen increased attention for time series forecasting, yet the application on cyber-physical systems (CPS) is hindered by the lacking robustness of these methods. Thus, this study evaluates the robustness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Alexander Windmann , Henrik Steude , Oliver Niggemann

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in domains such as manufacturing and energy distribution generate complex time series data crucial for Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). While Deep Learning (DL) methods have demonstrated strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Alexander Windmann , Henrik Steude , Daniel Boschmann , Oliver Niggemann

In an increasingly interconnected world, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are essential to critical industries like healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing, merging physical processes with computational intelligence. However, the security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Danial Abshari , Meera Sridhar

Due to major breakthroughs in software and engineering technologies, embedded systems are increasingly being utilized in areas ranging from aerospace and next-generation transportation systems, to smart grid and smart cities, to health care…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Adnan Rashid , Umair Siddique , Sofiene Tahar

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has demonstrated promising capability in solving complex control problems. However, DRL applications in safety-critical systems are hindered by the inherent lack of robust verification techniques to assure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Amir Samadi , Konstantinos Koufos , Kurt Debattista , Mehrdad Dianati

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) can be found everywhere: smart homes, autonomous vehicles, aircrafts, healthcare, agriculture and industrial production lines. CPSs are often critical, as system failure can cause serious damage to property and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Richárd Szabó , András Vörös

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate sensing, communication, computation, and control to support critical infrastructure, including smart grids, industrial automation, and control systems. In the electrical utility domain, various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Abile Jean , Kuniyilh S

Development of autonomous cyber system defense strategies and action recommendations in the real-world is challenging, and includes characterizing system state uncertainties and attack-defense dynamics. We propose a data-driven deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Ashutosh Dutta , Samrat Chatterjee , Arnab Bhattacharya , Mahantesh Halappanavar

Reinforcement learning (RL), particularly its combination with deep neural networks referred to as deep RL (DRL), has shown tremendous promise across a wide range of applications, suggesting its potential for enabling the development of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Chen Tang , Ben Abbatematteo , Jiaheng Hu , Rohan Chandra , Roberto Martín-Martín , Peter Stone

Machine Learning (ML) has achieved great successes in recent decades, both in research and in practice. In Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), ML can for example be used to optimize systems, to detect anomalies or to identify root causes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Henrik S. Steude , Alexander Windmann , Oliver Niggemann

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a promising outer-loop intelligence paradigm which can deploy problem solving strategies for complex tasks. Consequently, DRL has been utilized for several scientific applications, specifically in cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Sahil Bhola , Suraj Pawar , Prasanna Balaprakash , Romit Maulik

Validating the behavior of autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents, which rely on automated controllers, is an objective of great importance. In recent years, Neural-Network (NN) controllers have been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Khen Elimelech , Morteza Lahijanian , Lydia E. Kavraki , Moshe Y. Vardi

Cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as automotive systems, are starting to include sophisticated machine learning (ML) components. Their correctness, therefore, depends on properties of the inner ML modules. While learning algorithms aim to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Tommaso Dreossi , Alexandre Donzé , Sanjit A. Seshia

Current deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms utilize randomness in simulation environments to assume complete coverage in the state space. However, particularly in high dimensions, relying on randomness may lead to gaps in coverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Arpan Kusari

A growing demand is witnessed in both industry and academia for employing Deep Learning (DL) in various domains to solve real-world problems. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is the application of DL in the domain of Reinforcement Learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Amin Nikanjam , Mohammad Mehdi Morovati , Foutse Khomh , Houssem Ben Braiek

Machine learning components such as deep neural networks are used extensively in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). However, such components may introduce new types of hazards that can have disastrous consequences and need to be addressed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Dimitrios Boursinos , Xenofon Koutsoukos

In this paper, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method is proposed to address the problem of UAV navigation in an unknown environment. However, DRL algorithms are limited by the data efficiency problem as they typically require a huge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Lei He , Nabil Aouf , James F. Whidborne , Bifeng Song

The focus of this work is to enumerate the various approaches and algorithms that center around application of reinforcement learning in robotic ma- ]]nipulation tasks. Earlier methods utilized specialized policy representations and human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-02-01 Smruti Amarjyoti

Machine learning components such as deep neural networks are used extensively in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). However, they may introduce new types of hazards that can have disastrous consequences and need to be addressed for engineering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Dimitrios Boursinos , Xenofon Koutsoukos