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We review the current theory of how galaxies form within the cosmological framework provided by the cold dark matter paradigm for structure formation. Beginning with the pre-galactic evolution of baryonic material we describe the analytical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Andrew J. Benson

The latest observations of molecular gas and the atomic hydrogen content of local and high-redshift galaxies, coupled with how these correlate with star formation activity, have revolutionized our ideas about how to model star formation in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-19 Claudia del P. Lagos , Cedric G. Lacey , Carlton M. Baugh

In this review, we describe our current understanding of cluster formation: from the general picture of collapse from initial density fluctuations in an expanding Universe to detailed simulations of cluster formation including the effects…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Andrey Kravtsov , Stefano Borgani

Galaxy formation is at the heart of our understanding of cosmic evolution. Although there is a consensus that galaxies emerged from the expanding matter background by gravitational instability of primordial fluctuations, a number of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-06-10 Pratika Dayal , Andrea Ferrara

Simulations from the scales of isolated galaxies to clouds have been instrumental in informing us about molecular cloud formation and evolution. Simulations are able to investigate the roles of gravity, feedback, turbulence, heating and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-12-05 Clare Dobbs

I review the current state of our understanding of the galaxy formation and evolution process from the modeler's perspective. With the advent of the cold dark matter model and the support of fast computers and advanced simulation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Matthias Steinmetz

Galaxy groups are more than an intermediate scale between clusters and halos hosting individual galaxies, they are crucial laboratories capable of testing a range of astrophysics from how galaxies form and evolve to large scale structure…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-06-28 Benjamin D. Oppenheimer , Arif Babul , Yannick Bahé , Iryna S. Butsky , Ian G. McCarthy

We present results of large N-body-hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation. Our simulations follow the formation of galaxies in cubic volumes of side 100Mpc, in two versions of the cold dark matter (CDM) cosmogony: the standard,…

We review recent progress in the description of the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters in a cosmological context by using numerical simulations. We focus our presentation on the comparison between simulated and observed X-ray…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-05 Stefano Borgani , Andrey Kravtsov

Simulations of large-scale structure in the universe have played a vital role in observational cosmology since 1980's in particular. Their important role will definitely continue to be true in the 21st century. Rather the requirements for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yasushi Suto

We simulate the formation and evolution of the local galaxy population starting from initial conditions with a smoothed linear density field which matches that derived from the IRAS 1.2 Jy galaxy survey. Our simulations track the formation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 H. Mathis , G. Lemson , V. Springel , G. Kauffmann , S. D. M. White , A. Eldar , A. Dekel

Numerical simulations of star cluster formation have advanced greatly during the past decade, covering increasingly massive gas clouds while accounting for more and more complex physics. In this review, I discuss the present state of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-04-18 J. M. Diederik Kruijssen

Surveys of the local and distant Universe are the means to test and improve our models of galaxy formation. Substantial successes in the models are evident, while there is also considerable recent progress in identifying what remains to be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gerry Gilmore

Great strides have been made in the last two decades in determining how galaxies evolve from their initial dark matter seeds to the complex structures we observe at z=0. The role of mergers has been documented through both observations and…

In this review I demonstrate that a realistic model for the formation of galaxy disks depends on a proper treatment of the gas in galaxies. Historically, cosmological simulations of disk galaxy formation have suffered from a lack of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-03-23 Alyson Brooks

I review the current status of Big Bang Cosmology, with emphasis on current issues in dark matter, dark energy, and galaxy formation. These topics motivate many of the current goals of experimental cosmology which range from targeting the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-29 Joseph Silk

Much progress has been made in recent years by the galaxy simulation community in making realistic galaxies, mostly by more accurately capturing the effects of baryons on the structural evolution of dark matter halos at high resolutions.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Alyson M. Brooks

The most successful cosmological models to date envision structure formation as a hierarchical process in which gravity is constantly drawing lumps of matter together to form increasingly larger structures. Clusters of galaxies currently…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 G. Mark Voit

[Abridged] Over the past two decades observations and theoretical simulations have established a global frame-work of galaxy formation and evolution in the young Universe. Galaxies formed as baryonic gas cooled at the centres of collapsing…

We discuss early results from the first large N-body/hydrodynamical simulation to resolve the formation of galaxies in a cold dark matter universe. The simulation follows the formation of galaxies by gas cooling within dark halos of mass a…