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Consensus maximisation learning can provide self-supervision when different views are available of the same data. The distributional hypothesis provides another form of useful self-supervision from adjacent sentences which are plentiful in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Shuai Tang , Virginia R. de Sa

Contrastive learning has been studied for improving the performance of learning sentence embeddings. The current state-of-the-art method is the SimCSE, which takes dropout as the data augmentation method and feeds a pre-trained transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Junlei Zhang , Zhenzhong lan

Cross-lingual transfer of word embeddings aims to establish the semantic mappings among words in different languages by learning the transformation functions over the corresponding word embedding spaces. Successfully solving this problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Ruochen Xu , Yiming Yang , Naoki Otani , Yuexin Wu

Automatic emotion recognition plays a significant role in the process of human computer interaction and the design of Internet of Things (IOT) technologies. Yet, a common problem in emotion recognition systems lies in the scarcity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Kexin Feng , Theodora Chaspari

We propose a self-supervised learning method using multiple sampling strategies to obtain general-purpose audio representation. Multiple sampling strategies are used in the proposed method to construct contrastive losses from different…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ibuki Kuroyanagi , Tatsuya Komatsu

Despite renewed interest in emergent language simulations with neural networks, little is known about the basic properties of the induced code, and how they compare to human language. One fundamental characteristic of the latter, known as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Rahma Chaabouni , Eugene Kharitonov , Emmanuel Dupoux , Marco Baroni

Statistical regularities in human language have fascinated researchers for decades, suggesting deep underlying principles governing its evolution and information structuring for efficient communication. While Zipf's Law describes the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-29 Alessandro Bellina , Vito D. P. Servedio

Annotation projection is an important area in NLP that can greatly contribute to creating language resources for low-resource languages. Word alignment plays a key role in this setting. However, most of the existing word alignment methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Ehsaneddin Asgari , Masoud Jalili Sabet , Philipp Dufter , Christopher Ringlstetter , Hinrich Schütze

Unsupervised learning permits the development of algorithms that are able to adapt to a variety of different data sets using the same underlying rules thanks to the autonomous discovery of discriminating features during training. Recently,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Yanis Bahroun , Andrea Soltoggio

The choice of tokenizer can profoundly impact language model performance, yet accessible and reliable evaluations of tokenizer quality remain an open challenge. Inspired by scaling consistency, we show that smaller models can accurately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jonas F. Lotz , António V. Lopes , Stephan Peitz , Hendra Setiawan , Leonardo Emili

History-dependent processes are ubiquitous in natural and social systems. Many such stochastic processes, especially those that are associated with complex systems, become more constrained as they unfold, meaning that their sample-space, or…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-16 Bernat Corominas-Murtra , Rudolf Hanel , Stefan Thurner

Imagined speech is spotlighted as a new trend in the brain-machine interface due to its application as an intuitive communication tool. However, previous studies have shown low classification performance, therefore its use in real-life is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-31 Dong-Yeon Lee , Minji Lee , Seong-Whan Lee

As a fundamental task in Information Retrieval and Computational Linguistics, sentence representation has profound implications for a wide range of practical applications such as text clustering, content analysis, question-answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Bowen Zhang , Zixin Song , Chunping Li

We present the Siamese Continuous Bag of Words (Siamese CBOW) model, a neural network for efficient estimation of high-quality sentence embeddings. Averaging the embeddings of words in a sentence has proven to be a surprisingly successful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Tom Kenter , Alexey Borisov , Maarten de Rijke

Deep neural networks have been widely used in communication signal recognition and achieved remarkable performance, but this superiority typically depends on using massive examples for supervised learning, whereas training a deep neural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-15 Weidong Wang , Hongshu Liao , Lu Gan

Self-training (ST) and self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have demonstrated strong improvements in automatic speech recognition (ASR). In spite of these advances, to the best of our knowledge, there is no analysis of how the composition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Dan Berrebbi , Ronan Collobert , Navdeep Jaitly , Tatiana Likhomanenko

Words in natural language follow a Zipfian distribution whereby some words are frequent but most are rare. Learning representations for words in the "long tail" of this distribution requires enormous amounts of data. Representations of rare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Dzmitry Bahdanau , Tom Bosc , Stanisław Jastrzębski , Edward Grefenstette , Pascal Vincent , Yoshua Bengio

In recent years, text summarization methods have attracted much attention again thanks to the researches on neural network models. Most of the current text summarization methods based on neural network models are supervised methods which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Dehao Tao , Yingzhu Xiong , Zhongliang Yang , Yongfeng Huang

We study a deliberately simple, fully non-linguistic model of text: a sequence of independent draws from a finite alphabet of letters plus a single space symbol. A word is defined as a maximal block of non-space symbols. Within this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Vladimir Berman

Despite their growing capabilities, language models still frequently reproduce content from their training data, generate repetitive text, and favor common grammatical patterns and vocabulary. A possible cause is the decoding strategy: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Giorgio Franceschelli , Mirco Musolesi