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We study a quantum version of the sequential game illustrating problems connected with making rational decisions. We compare the results that the two models (quantum and classical) yield. In the quantum model intransitivity gains importance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marcin Makowski , Edward W. Piotrowski

We discuss some seemingly paradoxical yet valid effects of quantum physics in information processing. Firstly, we argue that the act of ``doing nothing'' on part of an entangled quantum system is a highly non-trivial operation and that it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard Jozsa

For two decades, the formalism of quantum mechanics has been successfully used to describe human decision processes, situations of heuristic reasoning, and the contextuality of concepts and their combinations. The phenomenon of 'categorical…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-27 Diederik Aerts , Jonito Aerts Arguëlles

Quantum state discrimination is a fundamental task that is meaningful in quantum information theory. In this manuscript, we consider a revised unambiguous discrimination of quantum resources. First, we present an upper bound of the success…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Xian Shi

Any physical transformation that equally distributes quantum information over a large number M of users can be approximated by a classical broadcasting of measurement outcomes. The accuracy of the approximation is at least of the order 1/M.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Chiribella , G. M. D'Ariano

We establish a sharp quantum advantage in determining the parity (even/odd) of an unknown permutation applied to any number $n \ge 3$ of particles. Classically, this is impossible with fewer than $n$ labels, being that the success is…

A key aspect in quantum information is to understand the advantage offered by quantum systems over classical ones in communication tasks. In recent years, a fundamental approach to this problem has been developed, focusing on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Jonatan Bohr Brask , Nicolas Brunner , Jef Pauwels , Davide Rusca , Armin Tavakoli

The past century has seen a steady increase in the need of estimating and predicting complex systems and making (possibly critical) decisions with limited information. Although computers have made possible the numerical evaluation of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-13 Houman Owhadi , Clint Scovel

Categorization is a significant task in decision-making, which is a key part of human behavior. An interference effect is caused by categorization in some cases, which breaks the total probability principle. A negation quantum model (NQ…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Qinyuan Wu , Yong Deng

Quantum theory makes the most accurate empirical predictions and yet it lacks simple, comprehensible physical principles from which the theory can be uniquely derived. A broad class of probabilistic theories exist which all share some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-17 Borivoje Dakic , Caslav Brukner

This paper describes an algorithm for selecting a consistent set within the consistent histories approach to quantum mechanics and investigates its properties. The algorithm select from among the consistent sets formed by projections…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jim McElwaine

Quantum resources may provide advantage over their classical counterparts. We say this as quantum advantage. Here we consider a single communication task to study different approaches of observing quantum advantage. We say this setting as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-03 Saronath Halder , Alexander Streltsov

Inferential decision-making algorithms typically assume that an underlying probabilistic model of decision alternatives and outcomes may be learned a priori or online. Furthermore, when applied to robots in real-world settings they often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Yucheng Chen , Pingping Zhu , Anthony Alers , Tobias Egner , Marc A. Sommer , Silvia Ferrari

AI systems are often used to make or contribute to important decisions in a growing range of applications, including criminal justice, hiring, and medicine. Since these decisions impact human lives, it is important that the AI systems act…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Duncan C McElfresh , Lok Chan , Kenzie Doyle , Walter Sinnott-Armstrong , Vincent Conitzer , Jana Schaich Borg , John P Dickerson

We present studies of quantum algorithms exploiting machine learning to classify events of interest from background events, one of the most representative machine learning applications in high-energy physics. We focus on variational quantum…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Koji Terashi , Michiru Kaneda , Tomoe Kishimoto , Masahiko Saito , Ryu Sawada , Junichi Tanaka

We introduce ways to measure information storage in quantum systems, using a recently introduced computation-theoretic model that accounts for measurement effects. The first, the quantum excess entropy, quantifies the shared information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-05 James P. Crutchfield , Karoline Wiesner

The quantum computer is supposed to process information by applying unitary transformations to the complex amplitudes defining the state of N qubits. A useful machine needing N=1000 or more, the number of continuous parameters describing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-23 M. I. Dyakonov

In this paper the theory of semi-bounded rationality is proposed as an extension of the theory of bounded rationality. In particular, it is proposed that a decision making process involves two components and these are the correlation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-05-28 Tshilidzi Marwala

The human mind is known to be sensitive to complexity. For instance, the visual system reconstructs hidden parts of objects following a principle of maximum simplicity. We suggest here that higher cognitive processes, such as the selection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-08-10 Jean-Louis Dessalles

The ability to extract relevant information is critical to learning. An ingenious approach as such is the information bottleneck, an optimisation problem whose solution corresponds to a faithful and memory-efficient representation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-08 Masahito Hayashi , Yuxiang Yang