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Related papers: Explicit lower bounds on strong quantum simulation

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Quantum circuit simulation is paramount to the verification and optimization of quantum algorithms, and considerable research efforts have been made towards efficient simulators. While circuits often contain high-level gates such as oracles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Adam Husted Kjelstrøm , Andreas Pavlogiannis , Jaco van de Pol

It is believed that random quantum circuits are difficult to simulate classically. These have been used to demonstrate quantum supremacy: the execution of a computational task on a quantum computer that is infeasible for any classical…

It has been known for almost 30 years that quantum circuits with interspersed depolarizing noise converge to the uniform distribution at $\omega(\log n)$ depth, where $n$ is the number of qubits, making them classically simulable. We show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Jon Nelson , Joel Rajakumar , Michael J. Gullans

Analog quantum simulation is widely considered a step on the path to fault tolerant quantum computation. If based on current noisy hardware, the accuracy of an analog simulator will degrade after just a few time steps, especially when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Nathan K. Lysne , Kevin W. Kuper , Pablo M. Poggi , Ivan H. Deutsch , Poul S. Jessen

Since simulating quantum computers requires exponentially more classical resources, efficient algorithms are extremely helpful. We analyze algorithms that create single qubit and specific controlled qubit matrix representations of gates.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Hsu

Quantum computers offer the potential to efficiently simulate the dynamics of quantum systems, a task whose difficulty scales exponentially with system size on classical devices. To assess the potential for near-term quantum computers to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-06 Nathan M. Myers , Ryan Scott , Kwon Park , Vito W. Scarola

Simulating quantum mechanics is known to be a difficult computational problem, especially when dealing with large systems. However, this difficulty may be overcome by using some controllable quantum system to study another less controllable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-14 I. M. Georgescu , S. Ashhab , Franco Nori

We analyze the complexity of classically simulating continuous-time dynamics of locally interacting quantum spin systems with a constant rate of entanglement breaking noise. We prove that a polynomial time classical algorithm can be used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-11 Rahul Trivedi , J. Ignacio Cirac

A universal family of Hamiltonians can be used to simulate any local Hamiltonian by encoding its full spectrum as the low-energy subspace of a Hamiltonian from the family. Many spin-lattice model Hamiltonians -- such as Heisenberg or XY…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-08 Leo Zhou , Dorit Aharonov

Experimentally realizable quantum computers are rapidly approaching the threshold of quantum supremacy. Quantum Hamiltonian simulation promises to be one of the first practical applications for which such a device could demonstrate an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-28 Rich Rines , Kevin Obenland , Isaac Chuang

We demonstrate that the ability to estimate the relative sign of an arbitrary $n$-qubit quantum state (with real amplitudes), given only $k$ copies of that state, would yield a $kn$-query algorithm for unstructured search. Thus the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-10 Arthur G. Rattew , Marco Pistoia

Finding solid and practical quantum advantages via noisy quantum devices without error correction is a critical but challenging problem. Conversely, comprehending the fundamental limitations of the state-of-the-art is equally crucial. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Yuxuan Yan , Zhenyu Du , Junjie Chen , Xiongfeng Ma

We investigate the boundary between classical and quantum computational power. This work consists of two parts. First we develop new classical simulation algorithms that are centered on sampling methods. Using these techniques we generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-20 M. Van den Nest

We present quantum algorithms for the simulation of quantum systems in one spatial dimension, which result in quantum speedups that range from superpolynomial to polynomial. We first describe a method to simulate the evolution of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-09 Rolando D. Somma

Lattice gauge theories in varying dimensions, lattice volumes, and truncations offer a rich family of targets for Hamiltonian simulation on quantum devices. In return, formulating quantum simulations can provide new ways of thinking about…

Quantum simulators are engineered devices controllably designed to emulate complex and classically intractable quantum systems. A key challenge is to certify whether the simulator truly mimics the Hamiltonian of interest. This certification…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-12 Abolfazl Bayat , Benoit Voisin , Gilles Buchs , Joe Salfi , Sven Rogge , Sougato Bose

Stabilizer simulation can efficiently simulate an important class of quantum circuits consisting exclusively of Clifford gates. However, all existing extensions of this simulation to arbitrary quantum circuits including non-Clifford gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Benjamin Bichsel , Anouk Paradis , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

Various fundamental phenomena of strongly-correlated quantum systems such as high-$T_c$ superconductivity, the fractional quantum-Hall effect, and quark confinement are still awaiting a universally accepted explanation. The main obstacle is…

Computing the simulation preorder of a given Kripke structure (i.e., a directed graph with $n$ labeled vertices) has crucial applications in model checking of temporal logic. It amounts to solving a specific two-players reachability game,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Massimo Cairo , Romeo Rizzi

We ask how much energy is required to weakly simulate an $n$-qubit quantum circuit (i.e., produce samples from its output distribution) by a unitary circuit in a hybrid qubit-oscillator model. The latter consists of a certain number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Lukas Brenner , Beatriz Dias , Robert Koenig