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This work introduces Bilinear Classes, a new structural framework, which permit generalization in reinforcement learning in a wide variety of settings through the use of function approximation. The framework incorporates nearly all existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Simon S. Du , Sham M. Kakade , Jason D. Lee , Shachar Lovett , Gaurav Mahajan , Wen Sun , Ruosong Wang

We study the problem of agnostic PAC reinforcement learning (RL): given a policy class $\Pi$, how many rounds of interaction with an unknown MDP (with a potentially large state and action space) are required to learn an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zeyu Jia , Gene Li , Alexander Rakhlin , Ayush Sekhari , Nathan Srebro

Model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms such as Q-learning [Watkins, Dayan 92] have been widely used in practice and can achieve human level performance in applications such as video games [Mnih et al. 15]. Recently, equipped with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Zhao Song , Wen Sun

Deep active inference has been proposed as a scalable approach to perception and action that deals with large policy and state spaces. However, current models are limited to fully observable domains. In this paper, we describe a deep active…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Otto van der Himst , Pablo Lanillos

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a fundamental framework for sequential decision-making, in which an agent learns an optimal policy through interactions with an unknown environment. In settings with function approximation, many existing RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruiquan Huang , Donghao Li , Yingbin Liang , Jing Yang

Neural Algorithmic Reasoning (NAR) trains neural networks to simulate classical algorithms, enabling structured and interpretable reasoning over complex data. While prior research has predominantly focused on learning exact algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yu He , Ellen Vitercik

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), the absence of active exploration calls for attention on the model robustness to tackle the sim-to-real gap, where the discrepancy between the simulated and deployed environments can significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 He Wang , Laixi Shi , Yuejie Chi

Classical navigation systems typically operate using a fixed set of hand-picked parameters (e.g. maximum speed, sampling rate, inflation radius, etc.) and require heavy expert re-tuning in order to work in new environments. To mitigate this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Zifan Xu , Gauraang Dhamankar , Anirudh Nair , Xuesu Xiao , Garrett Warnell , Bo Liu , Zizhao Wang , Peter Stone

Standard deep learning relies on Backpropagation (BP), which is constrained by biologically implausible weight symmetry and suffers from significant gradient interference within dense representations. To mitigate these bottlenecks, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Fanping Liu , Hua Yang , Jiasi Zou

General-purpose, intelligent, learning agents cycle through sequences of observations, actions, and rewards that are complex, uncertain, unknown, and non-Markovian. On the other hand, reinforcement learning is well-developed for small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-12-30 Marcus Hutter

Training a quantum machine learning model generally requires a large labeled dataset, which incurs high labeling and computational costs. To reduce such costs, a selective training strategy, called active learning (AL), chooses only a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-04 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Yun-Fei Niu , Shuo Zhang , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Active learning (AL) is a promising ML paradigm that has the potential to parse through large unlabeled data and help reduce annotation cost in domains where labeling data can be prohibitive. Recently proposed neural network based AL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Prateek Munjal , Nasir Hayat , Munawar Hayat , Jamshid Sourati , Shadab Khan

A natural optimization model that formulates many online resource allocation and revenue management problems is the online linear program (LP) in which the constraint matrix is revealed column by column along with the corresponding…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-10 Shipra Agrawal , Zizhuo Wang , Yinyu Ye

In this work, we introduce a learning model designed to meet the needs of applications in which computational resources are limited, and robustness and interpretability are prioritized. Learning problems can be formulated as constrained…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-26 Christos Mavridis , John Baras

Integer linear programming (ILP) is an elegant approach to solve linear optimization problems, naturally described using integer decision variables. Within the context of physics-inspired machine learning applied to chemistry, we…

An active learner is given a class of models, a large set of unlabeled examples, and the ability to interactively query labels of a subset of these examples; the goal of the learner is to learn a model in the class that fits the data well.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-09 Kamalika Chaudhuri , Sham Kakade , Praneeth Netrapalli , Sujay Sanghavi

In probably approximately correct (PAC) reinforcement learning (RL), an agent is required to identify an $\epsilon$-optimal policy with probability $1-\delta$. While minimax optimal algorithms exist for this problem, its instance-dependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Andrea Tirinzoni , Aymen Al-Marjani , Emilie Kaufmann

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly deployed in resource-constrained environments, yet the go-to function approximators - multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) - are often parameter-inefficient due to an imperfect inductive bias for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Rajib Mostakim , Reza T. Batley , Sourav Saha

The low rank MDP has emerged as an important model for studying representation learning and exploration in reinforcement learning. With a known representation, several model-free exploration strategies exist. In contrast, all algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Aditya Modi , Jinglin Chen , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Nan Jiang , Alekh Agarwal

Active learning is a machine learning approach for reducing the data labeling effort. Given a pool of unlabeled samples, it tries to select the most useful ones to label so that a model built from them can achieve the best possible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Dongrui Wu