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We introduce Stardust, a compiler that compiles sparse tensor algebra to reconfigurable dataflow architectures (RDAs). Stardust introduces new user-provided data representation and scheduling language constructs for mapping to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Olivia Hsu , Alexander Rucker , Tian Zhao , Kunle Olukotun , Fredrik Kjolstad

Sparse Tensor Compilers (STCs) have emerged as critical infrastructure for optimizing high-dimensional data analytics and machine learning workloads. The STCs must synthesize complex, irregular control flow for various compressed storage…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kabilan Mahathevan , Yining Zhang , Muhammad Ali Gulzar , Kirshanthan Sundararajah

Programming high-performance sparse GPU kernels is notoriously difficult, requiring both substantial effort and deep expertise. Sparse compilers aim to simplify this process, but existing systems fall short in two key ways. First, they are…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jaeyeon Won , Willow Ahrens , Joel S. Emer , Saman Amarasinghe

Sparse tensor algebra is challenging to efficiently parallelize due to the irregular, data-dependent, and potentially skewed structure of sparse computation. We propose the first partitioning algorithm that provably load balances the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Atharva Chougule , Alexander J Root , Rubens Lacouture , Bobby Yan , Rohan Yadav , Fredrik Kjolstad

Symmetric and sparse tensors arise naturally in many domains including linear algebra, statistics, physics, chemistry, and graph theory. Symmetric tensors are equal to their transposes, so in the $n$-dimensional case we can save up to a…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Radha Patel , Willow Ahrens , Saman Amarasinghe

While loop reordering and fusion can make big impacts on the constant-factor performance of dense tensor programs, the effects on sparse tensor programs are asymptotic, often leading to orders of magnitude performance differences in…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Willow Ahrens , Fredrik Kjolstad , Saman Amarasinghe

Tensor algebra lies at the core of computational science and machine learning. Due to its high usage, entire libraries exist dedicated to improving its performance. Conventional tensor algebra performance boosts focus on algorithmic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Sathvik Redrouthu , Rishi Athavale

Tensor programs often need to process large tensors (vectors, matrices, or higher order tensors) that require a specialized storage format for their memory layout. Several such layouts have been proposed in the literature, such as the…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Maximilian Schleich , Amir Shaikhha , Dan Suciu

Recently, numerous sparse hardware accelerators for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), and scientific computing applications have been proposed. A common characteristic among all of these accelerators is that they…

High-performance deep learning depends on efficient tensor programs. In recent years, automatic tensor program optimization, also known as tensor compilation, has emerged as the primary approach to generating efficient tensor programs.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hangda Liu , Boyu Diao , Yu Yang , Wenxin Chen , Xiaohui Peng , Yongjun Xu

We introduce a flexible and graphically intuitive framework that constructs complex quantum error correction codes from simple codes or states, generalizing code concatenation. More specifically, we represent the complex code constructions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-13 ChunJun Cao , Brad Lackey

Handling communication overhead in large-scale tensor-parallel training remains a critical challenge due to the dense, near-zero distributions of intermediate tensors, which exacerbate errors under frequent communication and introduce…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Man Liu , Xingchen Liu , Xingjian Tian , Bing Lu , Shengkay Lyu , Shengquan Yin , Wenjing Huang , Zheng Wei , Hairui Zhao , Guangming Tan , Dingwen Tao

Over the past few years, the explosion in sparse tensor algebra workloads has led to a corresponding rise in domain-specific accelerators to service them. Due to the irregularity present in sparse tensors, these accelerators employ a wide…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Nandeeka Nayak , Toluwanimi O. Odemuyiwa , Shubham Ugare , Christopher W. Fletcher , Michael Pellauer , Joel S. Emer

Sparsity, which occurs in both scientific applications and Deep Learning (DL) models, has been a key target of optimization within recent ASIC accelerators due to the potential memory and compute savings. These applications use data stored…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Eric Qin , Geonhwa Jeong , William Won , Sheng-Chun Kao , Hyoukjun Kwon , Sudarshan Srinivasan , Dipankar Das , Gordon E. Moon , Sivasankaran Rajamanickam , Tushar Krishna

Sparse tensors arise in problems in science, engineering, machine learning, and data analytics. Programs that operate on such tensors can exploit sparsity to reduce storage requirements and computational time. Developing and maintaining…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Aart J. C. Bik , Penporn Koanantakool , Tatiana Shpeisman , Nicolas Vasilache , Bixia Zheng , Fredrik Kjolstad

Modern tensor applications, especially foundation models and generative AI applications require multiple input modalities (both vision and language), which increases the demand for flexible accelerator architecture. Existing frameworks…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yujun Lin , Zhekai Zhang , Song Han

This paper shows how to optimize sparse tensor algebraic expressions by introducing temporary tensors, called workspaces, into the resulting loop nests. We develop a new intermediate language for tensor operations called concrete index…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Fredrik Kjolstad , Willow Ahrens , Shoaib Kamil , Saman Amarasinghe

We introduce DISTAL, a compiler for dense tensor algebra that targets modern distributed and heterogeneous systems. DISTAL lets users independently describe how tensors and computation map onto target machines through separate format and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Rohan Yadav , Alex Aiken , Fredrik Kjolstad

The tensor programming abstraction is a foundational paradigm which allows users to write high performance programs via a high-level imperative interface. Recent work on sparse tensor compilers has extended this paradigm to sparse tensors…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Kyle Deeds , Willow Ahrens , Magda Balazinska , Dan Suciu

We introduce SpDISTAL, a compiler for sparse tensor algebra that targets distributed systems. SpDISTAL combines separate descriptions of tensor algebra expressions, sparse data structures, data distribution, and computation distribution.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Rohan Yadav , Alex Aiken , Fredrik Kjolstad