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Approximate pattern matching is a natural and well-studied problem on strings: Given a text $T$, a pattern $P$, and a threshold $k$, find (the starting positions of) all substrings of $T$ that are at distance at most $k$ from $P$. We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Tomasz Kociumaka , Philip Wellnitz

In many applications, it is necessary to determine the string similarity. Edit distance[WF74] approach is a classic method to determine Field Similarity. A well known dynamic programming algorithm [GUS97] is used to calculate edit distance…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Qi Xiao Yang , Sung Sam Yuan , Lu Chun , Li Zhao , Sun Peng

The edit distance between two rooted ordered trees with $n$ nodes labeled from an alphabet~$\Sigma$ is the minimum cost of transforming one tree into the other by a sequence of elementary operations consisting of deleting and relabeling…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Karl Bringmann , Paweł Gawrychowski , Shay Mozes , Oren Weimann

Dot plots are a standard method for local comparison of biological sequences. In a dot plot, a substring to substring distance is computed for all pairs of fixed-size windows in the input strings. Commonly, the Hamming distance is used…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-11 Peter Krusche , Alexander Tiskin

The edit distance $ed(X,Y)$ of two strings $X,Y\in \Sigma^*$ is the minimum number of character edits (insertions, deletions, and substitutions) needed to transform $X$ into $Y$. Its weighted counterpart $ed^w(X,Y)$ minimizes the total cost…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Itai Boneh , Egor Gorbachev , Tomasz Kociumaka

We study the online variant of the language distance problem for two classical formal languages, the language of palindromes and the language of squares, and for the two most fundamental distances, the Hamming distance and the edit…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Gabriel Bathie , Tomasz Kociumaka , Tatiana Starikovskaya

Distance geometry explores the properties of distance spaces that can be exactly represented as the pairwise Euclidean distances between points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ ($d \geq 1$), or equivalently, distance spaces that can be isometrically…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Matthias Bentert , Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , M. S. Ramanujan , Saket Saurabh

Given a string $\sigma$ over alphabet $\Sigma$ and a grammar $G$ defined over the same alphabet, how many minimum number of repairs: insertions, deletions and substitutions are required to map $\sigma$ into a valid member of $G$ ? We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-11-13 Barna Saha

The tree edit distance is a natural dissimilarity measure between rooted ordered trees whose nodes are labeled over an alphabet $\Sigma$. It is defined as the minimum number of node edits (insertions, deletions, and relabelings) required to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Tomasz Kociumaka , Ali Shahali

Edit distance similarity search, also called approximate pattern matching, is a fundamental problem with widespread database applications. The goal of the problem is to preprocess $n$ strings of length $d$, to quickly answer queries $q$ of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Samuel McCauley

We propose the neural string edit distance model for string-pair matching and string transduction based on learnable string edit distance. We modify the original expectation-maximization learned edit distance algorithm into a differentiable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Jindřich Libovický , Alexander Fraser

Edit distance between trees is a natural generalization of the classical edit distance between strings, in which the allowed elementary operations are contraction, uncontraction and relabeling of an edge. Demaine et al. [ACM Trans. on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Bartłomiej Dudek , Paweł Gawrychowski

A function $\varphi:\{0,1\}^n \to \{0,1\}^N$ is called an isometric embedding of the $n$-dimensional Hamming metric space to the $N$-dimensional edit metric space if, for all $x,y\in\{0,1\}^n$, the Hamming distance between $x$ and $y$ is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Sudatta Bhattacharya , Sanjana Dey , Elazar Goldenberg , Mursalin Habib , Bernhard Haeupler , Karthik C. S. , Michal Koucký

Although several self-indexes for highly repetitive text collections exist, developing an index and search algorithm with editing operations remains a challenge. Edit distance with moves (EDM) is a string-to-string distance measure that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-11 Yoshimasa Takabatake , Kenta Nakashima , Tetsuji Kuboyama , Yasuo Tabei , Hiroshi Sakamoto

Given a set of strings over a specified alphabet, identifying a median or consensus string that minimizes the total distance to all input strings is a fundamental data aggregation problem. When the Hamming distance is considered as the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Diptarka Chakraborty , Rudrayan Kundu , Nidhi Purohit , Aravinda Kanchana Ruwanpathirana

Given a stream of items each associated with a numerical value, its edit distance to monotonicity is the minimum number of items to remove so that the remaining items are non-decreasing with respect to the numerical value. The space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-11-24 Ho-Leung Chan , Tak-Wah Lam , Lap-Kei Lee , Jiangwei Pan , Hing-Fung Ting , Qin Zhang

Edit distance with moves (EDM) is a string-to-string distance measure that includes substring moves in addition to ordinal editing operations to turn one string to the other. Although optimizing EDM is intractable, it has many applications…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-27 Yoshimasa Takabatake , Yasuo Tabei , Hiroshi Sakamoto

The edit distance is a metric of dissimilarity between strings, widely applied in computational biology, speech recognition, and machine learning. Let $e_k(n)$ denote the average edit distance between random, independent strings of $n$…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Gianfranco Bilardi , Michele Schimd

We study the problem of estimating the edit distance between two $n$-character strings. While exact computation in the worst case is believed to require near-quadratic time, previous work showed that in certain regimes it is possible to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Joshua Brakensiek , Moses Charikar , Aviad Rubinstein

The algorithmic tasks of computing the Hamming distance between a given pattern of length $m$ and each location in a text of length $n$ is one of the most fundamental algorithmic tasks in string algorithms. Unfortunately, there is evidence…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-12-15 Tsvi Kopelowitz , Ely Porat