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Under very general assumptions of metric theory of spacetime, photons traveling along null geodesics and photon number conservation, two observable concepts of cosmic distance, i.e. the angular diameter and the luminosity distances are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-16 Kai Liao , Zhengxiang Li , Shuo Cao , Marek Biesiada , Xiaogang Zheng , Zong-Hong Zhu

A distance-deviation consistency and model-independent method to test the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) is provided. The method is worth attention on two aspects: firstly, a distance-deviation consistency method is used to pair…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 C. C. Zhou , J. Hu , M. C. LI , X. Zhang , G. W. Fang

We study the validity of cosmic distance duality relation between angular diameter and luminosity distances. To test this duality relation we use the latest Union2 Supernovae Type Ia (SNe Ia) data for estimating the luminosity distance. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-11 S Jhingan , D Jain , R Nair

In this work, we test the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) using the arbitrary redshift pivot Pad\'e-(2,1) expansion methodology developed in arXiv:2509.16196. This approach allows us to constrain cosmography parameters and test CDDR…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-14 Shubham Barua , Sujit K. Dalui , Rikiya Okazaki , Shantanu Desai

The angular diameter distances toward galaxy clusters can be determined with measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and X-ray surface brightness combined with the validity of the distance-duality relation, $D_L(z) (1 +…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-02-17 R. F. L. Holanda , J. A. S. Lima , M. B. Ribeiro

The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), eta(z)=(1+z)^2 d_A(z)/d_L(z)=1, is one of the most fundamental and crucial formulae in cosmology. This relation couples the luminosity and angular diameter distances, two of the most often used…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-10 Jin Qin , Fulvio Melia , Tong-Jie Zhang

In this paper, we carry out an assessment of cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) based on the latest observations of HII galaxies acting as standard candles and ultra-compact structure in radio quasars acting as standard rulers.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-19 Tonghua Liu , Shuo Cao , Sixuan Zhang , Xiaolong Gong , Wuzheng Guo , Chenfa Zheng

The distance-duality relation (DDR) between the luminosity distance $D_L$ and the angular diameter distance $D_A$ is viewed as a powerful tool for testing for the opacity of the Universe, being independent of any cosmological model. It was…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-22 Vaclav Vavrycuk , Pavel Kroupa

One of the keys to understanding the universe is the proper measurement of the relation between the luminosity distance $d_L$ and the angular diameter distance $d_A$. In 1933 Etherington deduced from general relativity the reciprocity…

General Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Juan De Vicente

We carry out a test of the cosmic distance duality relation using a sample of 52 SPT-SZ clusters, along with X-ray measurements from XMM-Newton. To carry out this test, we need an estimate of the luminosity distance ($D_L$) at the redshift…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Kamal Bora , Shantanu Desai

The cosmic distance duality relates the angular-diameter and luminosity distances and its possible violation may puzzle the standard cosmological model. This appears particularly interesting in view of the recent results found by the DESI…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-28 Anna Chiara Alfano , Orlando Luongo

In this paper, we investigate the possible deviations of the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) using the combination of the largest SNe Ia (Pantheon) and compact radio quasar (QSO) samples through two model-independent approaches. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-27 Yuan He , Yu Pan , Dong-Ping Shi , Shuo Cao , Wen-Jie Yu , Jing-Wang Diao , Wei-Liang Qian

Under certain general conditions in an expanding universe, the luminosity distance (d_L) and angular diameter distance (d_A) are connected by the Etherington relation as d_L = d_A (1 + z)^2. The Tolman test suggests the use of objects of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 Satej Khedekar , Sayan Chakraborti

One of the most crucial tests of the standard cosmological model consists on testing possible variations on fundamental physical constants. In frameworks such as the minimally extended varying speed of light model (meVSL), the relationship…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-01 Jaiane Santos , Carlos Bengaly , Rodrigo S. Gonçalves

The construction of the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR) has been widely studied. However, its consistency with various new observables remains a topic of interest. We present a new way to constrain the CDDR $\eta(z)$ using different…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-19 Akshay Rana , Deepak Jain , Shobhit Mahajan , Amitabha Mukherjee , R. F. L. Holanda

In this paper, we use the model dependent method to revisit the constraint on the well-known cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR). By using the latest SNIa samples, such as Union2.1, JLA and SNLS, we find that the SNIa data alone can not…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-28 Meng-Zhen Lv , Jun-Qing Xia

{In this paper, we use large scale structure observations to test the redshift dependence of cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $D_{\rm L}(1+z)^{-2}/D_{\rm A}=\eta(z)$}, with $D_{\rm L}$ and $D_{\rm A}$, being the luminosity and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-23 R. F. L. Holanda , F. S. Lima , Akshay Rana , Deepak Jain

We study the validity of cosmic distance duality relation between angular diameter and luminosity distances. To test this duality relation we use the latest Union2 Supernovae Type Ia (SNe Ia) data for estimating the luminosity distance. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Remya Nair , Sanjay Jhingan , Deepak Jain

We carry out a test of the fundamental Etherington relation (cosmic distance duality relation) which relates the luminosity distance $D_{\rm L}$ and angular diameter distance $D_{\rm A}$ in metric theories of gravity. We use the latest…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-06 Sourav Das , Surhud More , Shadab Alam

In this letter, the distance-duality (DD) relation is reconstructed by Gaussian process (GP) which is cosmological model-independent. Generally, the GP plays two important roles. One is to shape the $\eta$ tendency which denotes the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-07 Yi Zhang