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Related papers: Strain Assessment in Graphene Through the Raman 2D…

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Raman spectroscopy of graphene is reviewed from a theoretical perspective. After an introduction of the building blocks (electronic band structure, phonon dispersion, electron-phonon interaction, electron-light coupling), Raman intensities…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-03-23 Sven Reichardt , Ludger Wirtz

We report strong variations in the Raman spectra for different single-layer graphene samples obtained by micromechanical cleavage, which reveals the presence of excess charges, even in the absence of intentional doping. Doping…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-01-07 C. Casiraghi , S. Pisana , K. S. Novoselov , A. K. Geim , A. C. Ferrari

Charged impurity (CI) scattering is one of the dominant factors that affect the carrier mobility in graphene. In this paper, we use Raman spectroscopy to probe the charged impurities in suspended graphene. We find that the 2D band intensity…

In contrary to the widely reported single and symmetric peak feature of G' (or 2D) band in Raman spectrum of graphene, we herein report the observation of splitting in G' band in free standing graphene. Our experimental findings provide a…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-04 Zhiqiang Luo , Chunxiao Cong , Jun Zhang , Qihua Xiong , Ting Yu

This review presents the state of the art in strain and ripple-induced effects on the electronic and optical properties of graphene. It starts by providing the crystallographic description of mechanical deformations, as well as the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-08-22 Gerardo G. Naumis , Salvador Barraza-Lopez , Maurice Oliva-Leyva , Humberto Terrones

The unique properties of graphene offer immense opportunities for applications to many scientific fields, as well as societal needs, beyond our present imagination. One of the important features of graphene is the relatively simple…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-04-27 Otakar Frank , Mildred S. Dresselhaus , Martin Kalbac

The use of Raman scattering techniques to study the mechanical properties of graphene films is reviewed here. The determination of Gruneisen parameters of suspended graphene sheets under uni- and bi-axial strain is discussed and the values…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-19 Nicola Ferralis

The Raman 2D line of graphene is widely used for device characterization and during device fabrication as it contains valuable information on e.g. the direction and magnitude of mechanical strain and doping. Here we present systematic…

Graphene is a mechanically robust 2D material promising for flexible optoelectronic applications. However, its electromagnetic properties under strain are experimentally poorly understood. Here we present the far-infrared transmission…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-05-22 Manisha Chhikara , Iaroslav Gaponenko , Patrycja Paruch , Alexey. B. Kuzmenko

Richness and complexity of Raman spectra related to graphene materials is established from years to decades, with, among others: the well-known G, D, 2D,... bands plus a plethora of weaker bands related to disorder behavior, doping, stress,…

By performing density functional theory-based ab-initio calculations, Raman active phonon modes of novel single-layer two-dimensional (2D) materials and the effect of in-plane biaxial strain on the peak frequencies and corresponding…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-04-04 M. Yagmurcukardes , C. Bacaksiz , E. Unsal , B. Akbali , R. T. Senger , H. Sahin

The vibrational and electronic properties of 2-dimensinal (2D) materials can be efficiently tuned by external strain due to their good stretchability. Resonant Raman spectroscopy is a versatile tool to study the physics of phonons,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Chaoyu Song , Fengren Fan , Ningning Xuan , Shenyang Huang , Chong Wang , Guowei Zhang , Fanjie Wang , Qiaoxia Xing , Yuchen Lei , Zhengzong Sun , Hua Wu , Hugen Yan

An analytical study is presented of the double resonant Raman scattering process in graphene, responsible for the D and D$^{\prime}$ features in the Raman spectra. This work yields analytical expressions for the D and D$^{\prime}$…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-01-29 J. F. Rodriguez-Nieva , E. B. Barros , R. Saito , M. S. Dresselhaus

Raman spectroscopy is an integral part of graphene research. It is used to determine the number and orientation of layers, the quality and types of edge, and the effects of perturbations, such as electric and magnetic fields, strain,…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-16 Andrea C. Ferrari , Denis M. Basko

The most important bands for the evaluation of strain in graphene (the 2D and 2D prime modes) are investigated. It is shown that for Bernal-stacked bilayers, the two-phonon Raman features have three different components that can be assigned…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-07-27 Sara D Costa , Johan Ek Weis , Otakar Frank , Michaela Fridrichová , Martin Kalbac

We investigated Raman spectra of single-layer and multi-layer graphene under ultraviolet laser excitation at the wavelength of 325 nm. It was found that while the G peak of graphene remains pronounced in UV Raman spectra, the 2D band…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-13 Irene Calizo , Igor Bejenari , Muhammad Rahman , Guanxiong Liu , Alexander A. Balandin

The properties of pristine, free-standing graphene monolayers prepared by mechanical exfoliation of graphite are investigated. The graphene monolayers, suspended over open trenches, are examined by means of spatially resolved Raman…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-01-08 Stephane Berciaud , Sunmin Ryu , Louis E. Brus , Tony F. Heinz

Raman imaging on the edges of single layer micromechanical cleavage graphene (MCG) was carried out. The intensity of disorder-induced Raman feature (D band at ~1350 cm-1) was found to be correlated to the edge chirality: it is stronger at…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-13 YuMeng You , ZhenHua Ni , Ting Yu , ZeXiang Shen

This paper reports the experimental determination of the phase-breaking length L of conduction electrons in graphene using Raman spectroscopy. Based on the double-resonance model, we extract L from the spatial dependence of the D band…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-02-27 Luiz Gustavo Cancado , Ryan Beams , Lukas Novotny

We present low-temperature Raman measurements on gate tunable graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride, which allows to study in detail the Raman G and 2D mode frequencies and line widths as function of the charge carrier density.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Jens Sonntag , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Bernd Beschoten , Christoph Stampfer