Related papers: Chronometric geodesy: methods and applications
One of geodesy's main tasks is to determine the gravity field of the Earth. High precision clocks have the potential to provide a new tool in a global determination of the Earth's gravitational potential based on the gravitational redshift.…
Mass redistribution on Earth due to dynamic processes such as ice melting and sea level rise leads to a changing gravitational field, observable by geodetic techniques. Monitoring this change over time allows us to learn more about our…
Time measured by an ideal clock crucially depends on the gravitational potential and velocity of the clock according to general relativity. Technological advances in manufacturing high-precision atomic clocks have rapidly improved their…
The Earth's geoid is one of the most essential and fundamental concepts to provide a gravity field-related height reference in geodesy and associated sciences. To keep up with the ever-increasing experimental capabilities and to…
We present the latest developments in the field of atomic clocks and their applications in metrology and fundamental physics. In the light of recent advents in the accuracy of optical clocks, we present an introduction to the relativistic…
We review experimental progress on optical atomic clocks and frequency transfer, and consider the prospects of using these technologies for geodetic measurements. Today, optical atomic frequency standards have reached relative frequency…
Recent developments in fundamental physics (in theory as well as in technology) provide novel capabilities for geodetic applications such as refined observations of the Earth`s gravity field. We will focus on two new concepts: one applies…
Clock synchronization is the backbone of applications such as high-accuracy satellite navigation, geolocation, space-based interferometry, and cryptographic communication systems. The high accuracy of synchronization needed over…
According to general relativity theory (GRT), by comparing the frequencies between two precise clocks at two different stations, the gravity potential (geopotential) difference between the two stations can be determined due to the gravity…
According to the Einstein's theory of relativity, the passage of time changes in a gravitational field. On earth, raising a clock by one centimetre increases its tick rate by 1.1 parts in 10$^{18}$, enabling optical clocks to perform…
The passage of time is tracked by counting oscillations of a frequency reference, such as Earth's revolutions or swings of a pendulum. By referencing atomic transitions, frequency (and thus time) can be measured more precisely than any…
General Relativity (GR) is shown to be a complete theory with respect to the isochrony of the pendulum. This guarantees that time can be measured with a mechanical clock within the theory itself as a matter of principle. The proper and…
Recent technological advances in optical atomic clocks are opening new perspectives for the direct determination of geopotential differences between any two points at a centimeter-level accuracy in geoid height. However, so far detailed…
The Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) carries a pivotal role in understanding theory of gravity and spacetime. It guarantees the gravity to be understood as geometric phenomenon. Considering gravitational coupling of matter in the…
Einstein's theory of general relativity states that clocks at different gravitational potentials tick at different rates - an effect known as the gravitational redshift. As fundamental probes of space and time, atomic clocks have long…
After a review of the chrono-geometrical structure of special relativity, where the definition of the instantaneous 3-space is based on the observer-dependent convention for the synchronization of distant clocks, it is shown that in a class…
The advent of novel measurement instrumentation can lead to paradigm shifts in scientific research. Optical atomic clocks, due to their unprecedented stability and uncertainty, are already being used to test physical theories and herald a…
This contribution is the chapter 2 of the book "geodetic time series analysis" (10.1007/978-3-030-21718-1). The book is dedicated to the art of fitting a trajectory model to those geodetic time series in order to extract accurate…
The conventional nature of synchronisation is discussed in inertial frames, where it is found that theories using different synchronisations are experimentally equivalent to special relativity. In contrary, in accelerated systems only a…
Several space missions that will use atomic clocks on board of an Earth-orbiting satellite are planned for the near future, such as the Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) or the Space Optical Clock on the ISS (I-SOC). The increasing…