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We leverage recent breakthroughs in neural density estimation to propose a new unsupervised anomaly detection technique (ANODE). By estimating the probability density of the data in a signal region and in sidebands, and interpolating the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-05-12 Benjamin Nachman , David Shih

Anomaly detection and localization in industrial images are essential for automated quality inspection. PaDiM, a prominent method, models the distribution of normal image features extracted by pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Cory Gardner , Byungseok Min , Tae-Hyuk Ahn

Developing a reliable vision system is a fundamental challenge for robotic technologies (e.g., indoor service robots and outdoor autonomous robots) which can ensure reliable navigation even in challenging environments such as adverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Elena Camuffo , Umberto Michieli , Simone Milani , Jijoong Moon , Mete Ozay

Complicated underwater environments bring new challenges to object detection, such as unbalanced light conditions, low contrast, occlusion, and mimicry of aquatic organisms. Under these circumstances, the objects captured by the underwater…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Pinhao Song , Pengteng Li , Linhui Dai , Tao Wang , Zhan Chen

Many types of anomaly detection methods have been proposed recently, and applied to a wide variety of fields including medical screening and production quality checking. Some methods have utilized images, and, in some cases, a part of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Minori Narita , Daiki Kimura , Ryuki Tachibana

Spatio-temporal graph neural networks (ST-GNNs) have achieved notable success in structured domains such as road traffic and public transportation, where spatial entities can be naturally represented as fixed nodes. In contrast, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Jeehong Kim , Youngseok Hwang , Minchan Kim , Sungho Bae , Hyunwoo Park

Damage caused by bushfires and volcanic eruptions escalates rapidly when detection is delayed, making fast and reliable early warning capabilities essential. Recent Earth Observation (EO) approaches have shown that thermal anomaly detection…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Stephen Smith , Cormac Purcell , Gabriele Meoni , Roberto Del Prete , Zdenka Kuncic

We introduce R-Sparse R-CNN, a novel pipeline for oriented ship detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images that leverages sparse learnable proposals enriched with background contextual information, termed background-aware proposals…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Kamirul Kamirul , Odysseas Pappas , Alin Achim

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, celebrated for its high resolution, all-weather capability, and day-night operability, is indispensable for maritime applications. However, ship detection in SAR imagery faces significant challenges,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Congxia Zhao , Xiongjun Fu , Jian Dong , Shen Cao , Chunyan Zhang

Underwater images taken from autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV's) often suffer from low light, high turbidity, poor contrast, motion-blur and excessive light scattering and hence require image enhancement techniques for object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Sreeraj Rajan Warrier , D Sri Harshavardhan Reddy , Sriya Bada , Rohith Achampeta , Sebastian Uppapalli , Jayasri Dontabhaktuni

Hyperspectral anomaly detection (HAD), a crucial approach for many civilian and military applications, seeks to identify pixels with spectral signatures that are anomalous relative to a preponderance of background signatures. Significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Abu Hasnat Mohammad Rubaiyat , Jordan Vincent , Colin Olson

Anomaly detection is a key research challenge in computer vision and machine learning with applications in many fields from quality control to radar imaging. In radar imaging, specifically synthetic aperture radar (SAR), anomaly detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Lucian Chauvin , Somil Gupta , Angelina Ibarra , Joshua Peeples

Anomaly detection consists in identifying, within a dataset, those samples that significantly differ from the majority of the data, representing the normal class. It has many practical applications, e.g. ranging from defective product…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Pankaj Mishra , Claudio Piciarelli , Gian Luca Foresti

Anomaly detection or more generally outliers detection is one of the most popular and challenging subject in theoretical and applied machine learning. The main challenge is that in general we have access to very few labeled data or no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Mansour Zoubeirou A Mayaki , Michel Riveill

Detecting anomalies in hyperspectral image data, i.e. regions which are spectrally distinct from the image background, is a common task in hyperspectral imaging. Such regions may represent interesting objects to human operators, but…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Thomas P. Watson , Kevin McKenzie , Joseph Conroy , Eddie L. Jacobs

Traditional nearest points methods use all the samples in an image set to construct a single convex or affine hull model for classification. However, strong artificial features and noisy data may be generated from combinations of training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-08-27 Shaokang Chen , Arnold Wiliem , Conrad Sanderson , Brian C. Lovell

Visual defect assessment is a form of anomaly detection. This is very relevant in finding faults such as cracks and markings in various surface inspection tasks like pavement and automotive parts. The task involves detection of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Manpreet Singh Minhas , John Zelek

We focus on the problem of identifying samples in a set that do not conform to structured patterns represented by low-dimensional manifolds. An effective way to solve this problem is to embed data in a high dimensional space, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Filippo Leveni , Luca Magri , Cesare Alippi , Giacomo Boracchi

Ship detection in remote sensing images plays a crucial role in various applications and has drawn increasing attention in recent years. However, existing arbitrary-oriented ship detection methods are generally developed on a set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Feng Zhang , Xueying Wang , Shilin Zhou , Yingqian Wang , Yi Hou

Although mainstream unsupervised anomaly detection (AD) algorithms perform well in academic datasets, their performance is limited in practical application due to the ideal experimental setting of clean training data. Training with noisy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xi Jiang , Ying Chen , Qiang Nie , Yong Liu , Jianlin Liu , Bin-Bin Gao , Jun Liu , Chengjie Wang , Feng Zheng