Related papers: Cyclotrons: Magnetic Design and Beam Dynamics
There is great need for high intensity proton beams from compact particle accelerators in particle physics, medical isotope production, and materials- and energy-research. To address this need, we present, for the first time, a design for a…
This paper reviews the important physical and technological aspects of cyclotrons for the acceleration of high-intensity beams. Special emphasis is given to the discussion of beam loss mechanisms and extraction schemes.
This paper presents the magnetic design of a 100MeV Separated Sector Medical Cyclotron (SSMC) as well as the optimization of the injection line magnets where will be used to transport the 14MeV proton beam from the Azimuthally Varying Field…
One of the decisive issues in the design and operation of cyclotrons is the choice of the beam extraction method. Typical methods are extraction by electrostatic extractors and by stripping. The former method requires DC high voltage…
In particle therapy with protons a cyclotron is one of the most used particle accelerators. Here it will be explained how a cyclotron works, some beam dynamics aspects, its major subsystems, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of a…
A techniques, describing electron dynamics for magnetic models closed to cyclical accelerators, is developed and applied to the analysis of electromagnetic radiation emitted by charged particles. Formulas for the angular characteristics of…
Existing analytical models for transverse beam dynamics in isochronous cyclotrons are often not valid or not precise for relativistic energies. The main difficulty in developing such models lies in the fact that cross-terms between…
The concept of large-radius multistage coaxial cyclotrons having separated orbits is described, to generate proton beams of 120-2000 MeV energy at tens of GW pulsed and hundreds of MW in continuous beam power operation. Accelerated beam…
We discuss the principle possibility of stripping extraction in combination with reverse bends in isochronous separate sector cyclotrons (and/or FFAGs). If one uses reverse bends between the sectors (instead of drifts) and places stripper…
Compact H$^-$ cyclotrons are used all across the globe to produce medical isotopes. Machines with external ion sources have demonstrated average extracted currents on the order of a few mA, although reported operational numbers are…
Investigation of neutrino oscillations and rare meson decays are main physics goals of Project X. The successful physics outcome relies on the feasibility of high-intensity neutrino and meson (K+ and \mu) beams. In order to meet this goal…
The paper gives an overview of the particle dynamics in synchrotrons and storage rings. Both, transverse as well as the longitudinal plane are described in linear approximation. The main emphasis is to give an introduction into the basic…
The conceptual design of a Variable-Phase Asynchronous Cyclotron (VPAC) is describe, which provides longitudinal bunch compression of accelerated proton or ion beams, and thus, permits high current acceleration at higher accelerator…
The circuit arrangement of the proposed coaxial ring cyclotron (CRC) is described, and its main advantages, such as simple injection technique, several injected beams summation option, high efficiency, are considered. The proposed proton…
This chapter gives an overview of the longitudinal dynamics of the particles in an accelerator and, closely related to that, the issue of synchronization between the particles and the accelerating field. Beginning with the trivial case of…
This paper gives an overview of the beam injection and extraction principles for accelerators. After a brief general introduction, it explains different methods of injecting the beam for hadron and lepton machines. It describes single- and…
The IsoDAR cyclotron is a 60 MeV cyclotron designed to output 10mA of protons in order to be a driver for a neutrino experiment. Coupling the high flux generated by the IsoDAR system with a kiloton neutrino detector will provide sterile…
MEDICYC (MEDical CYClotron) is an isochronous cyclotron dedicated to radiotherapy which was built and commissioned in Nice, France, in 1990 by a local team aided by experts from CERN. The cyclotron accelerates negative H to a maximum energy…
This paper is about the mechanical design of superconducting accelerator magnets. First, we give a brief review of the basic concepts and terms. In the following sections, we describe the particularities of the mechanical design of…
Since its commissioning in 1977, the U-120M cyclotron has been equipped with one pair of harmonic coils dedicated to establishing optimal beam quality at low accelerating radii. In 2022, the cyclotron was upgraded and a second pair of…