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When the Debye length is not resolved in a simulation using the most common particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm, the plasma will unphysically heat until the Debye length becomes resolved via a phenomenon known as grid heating. This article…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Luke C Adams , Gregory R Werner , John R Cary

The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method is a computational technique widely used in plasma physics to model plasmas at the kinetic level. In this work, we present our effort to prepare the semi-implicit energy-conserving PIC code ECsim for…

Large-scale simulations of plasmas are essential for advancing our understanding of fusion devices, space, and astrophysical systems. Particle-in-Cell (PIC) codes have demonstrated their success in simulating numerous plasma phenomena on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Steven W. D. Chien , Jonas Nylund , Gabriel Bengtsson , Ivy B. Peng , Artur Podobas , Stefano Markidis

Modern particle-in-cell (PIC) codes have become an integral tool in plasma astrophysics. As most plasma phenomena grow from initially small instabilities, it is important to ensure PIC codes can suppress noise and ensure that any growing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-18 Ludwig M. Böss , Arno Vanthieghem , Hayk Hakobyan , Evgeny A. Gorbunov , Damiano Caprioli

In the wake of the intense effort made for the experimental CILEX project, numerical simulation cam- paigns have been carried out in order to finalize the design of the facility and to identify optimal laser and plasma parameters. These…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Arnaud Beck , Jacob Trier Frederiksen , Julien Dérouillat

The Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations, which describes classical plasma physics, is extremely challenging to solve, even by numerical simulation on powerful computers. By linearizing and assuming a Maxwellian background distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-19 Alexander Engel , Graeme Smith , Scott E. Parker

The $\delta f$ particle-in-cell algorithm has been a useful tool in studying the physics of plasmas, particularly turbulent magnetized plasmas in the context of gyrokinetics. The reduction in noise due to not having to resolve the full…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 George J. Wilkie , William Dorland

A fundamental task in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of plasma physics is solving for charged particle motion in electromagnetic fields. This problem is especially challenging when the plasma is strongly magnetized due to numerical…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Tri P. Nguyen , Ilon Joseph , Mayya Tokman

Multiscale systems are ubiquitous in science and technology, but are notoriously challenging to simulate as short spatiotemporal scales must be appropriately linked to emergent bulk physics. When expensive high-dimensional dynamical systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Quercus Hernandez , Max Win , Thomas C. O'Connor , Paulo E. Arratia , Nathaniel Trask

A new methodology is developed to integrate numerically the equations of motion for classical many-body systems in molecular dynamics simulations. Its distinguishable feature is the possibility to preserve, independently on the size of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 I. P. Omelyan , I. M. Mryglod , R. Folk

Space plasma simulations have seen an increase in the use of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) with embedded Particle-in-Cell (PIC) models. This combined MHD-EPIC algorithm simulates some regions of interest using the kinetic PIC method while…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Yinsi Shou , Valeriy Tenishev , Yuxi Chen , Gabor Toth , Natalia Ganushkina

Modeling multi-scale collisionless magnetized processes constitutes an important numerical challenge. By treating electrons as a fluid and ions kinetically, the so-called hybrid Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes represent a promising…

We present the Photon-Plasma code, a modern high order charge conserving particle-in-cell code for simulating relativistic plasmas. The code is using a high order implicit field solver and a novel high order charge conserving interpolation…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Troels Haugboelle , Jacob Trier Frederiksen , Aake Nordlund

Continuous latent variables (LVs) are a key ingredient of many generative models, as they allow modelling expressive mixtures with an uncountable number of components. In contrast, probabilistic circuits (PCs) are hierarchical discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Gennaro Gala , Cassio de Campos , Robert Peharz , Antonio Vergari , Erik Quaeghebeur

We propose a novel approach to the analysis of programmable geometrically exact shear deformable beam systems made of shape memory polymers. The proposed method combines the viscoelastic Generalized Maxwell model with the Williams, Landel…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Giulio Ferri , Enzo Marino

A parallel, relativistic, three-dimensional particle-in-cell code SPACE has been developed for the simulation of electromagnetic fields, relativistic particle beams, and plasmas. In addition to the standard second-order Particle-in-Cell…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Kwangmin Yu , Prabhat Kumar , Shaohua Yuan , Aiqi Cheng , Roman Samulyak

In this paper, we extend the geometric Particle in Cell framework on dual grids to a gauge-free drift-kinetic Vlasov--Maxwell model and its coupling with the fully kinetic model. We derive a discrete action principle on dual grids for our…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Guo Meng , Katharina Kormann , Emil Poulsen , Eric Sonnendrücker

We present a study of the standard plasma physics test, Landau damping, using the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm. The Landau damping phenomenon consists of the damping of small oscillations in plasmas without collisions. In the PIC…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-03-23 Daniel S. Finn , Matthew G. Knepley , Joseph V. Pusztay , Mark F. Adams

The main idea of Gyrokinetic dynamical reduction consists in systematical removing of fastest scale of motion (the gyro motion) from plasma's dynamics, resulting in a considerable model simplification and gain of computing time. Gyrokinetic…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2017-03-14 Natalia Tronko , Alberto Bottino , Eric Sonnendruecker

Symmetry-preserving (mimetic) discretization aims to preserve certain properties of a continuous differential operator in its discrete counterpart. For these discretizations, stability and (discrete) conservation of mass, momentum and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-25 B. van 't Hof , M. J. Vuik
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