Related papers: Ion Sources for Medical Applications
Ion sources are a critical component of all particle accelerators. They create the initial beam that is accelerated by the rest of the machine. This paper will introduce the many methods of creating a beam for high-power hadron…
Ion sources produce beams for a large variety of different physical experiments, industrial processes and medical applications. In order to characterize the beam delivered by them, a list of requirements is necessary. In this chapter the…
Cancer therapy using protons and heavier ions such as carbon has demonstrated advantages over other radiotherapy treatments. To bring about the next generation of clinical facilities, the requirements are likely to reduce the footprint,…
Intense Highly Charged Ion Beams (HCIB) from injector and charge-breeder ion sources at heavy ion accelerator facilities are in demand to expand research in particle and nuclear physics as well as for radiation effects testing. With current…
This chapter provides an overview of the basic requirements for ion sources designed and operated in radioactive ion beam facilities. The facilities where these sources are operated exploit the isotope separation online (ISOL) technique, in…
The vacuum arc ion source has evolved into a more or less standard laboratory tool for the production of high-current beams of metal ions, and is now used in a number of different embodiments at many laboratories around the world.…
This chapter describes the basic principles, design features and characteristics of microwave discharge ion sources. A suitable source for the production of intense beams for high-power accelerators must satisfy the requirements of high…
Recent developments for the delivery of proton and ion beam therapy have been significant, and a number of technological solutions now exist for the creation and utilisation of these particles for the treatment of cancer. In this paper we…
The essay gives an overview on researches in the field of laser ion acceleration, focusing on two types of targets. There are many types of targets while they can all be divided into targets that apply single ion or multiple ions. Mixed…
This paper outlines the many ways that the initial beam can be made for particle accelerators. Brief introductions to plasma physics and beam formation are given. Thermionic and photo emission electron guns, with both DC and Radio Frequency…
The laser driven acceleration of ions is considered a promising candidate for an ion source for hadron therapy of oncological diseases. Though proton and carbon ion sources are conventionally used for therapy, other light ions can also be…
The use of a ccelerators for medical applications has evolved from initial experimentation to turn-key devices commonly operating in hospitals. New applications are continuously being developed around the world, and the hadrontherapy…
Theoretical investigations show that linearly and radially polarized multiterawatt and petawatt laser beams, focused to subwavelength waist radii, can directly accelerate protons and carbon nuclei, over micron-size distances, to the…
Ion beam analysis techniques are among the most powerful tools for advanced material characterization. Despite their growing relevance in a widening number of fields, most ion beam analysis facilities still rely on the oldest accelerator…
In this chapter, the anatomy of an ion source is briefly described, as well as a few features of particle motion in electric and magnetic fields, and of particle dynamics and plasmas. Using this information, different types of ion sources…
Electron beam ion sources (EBISs) are ion sources that work based on the principle of electron impact ionization, allowing the production of very highly charged ions. The ions produced can be extracted as a DC ion beam as well as ion pulses…
A one dimensional model of the magnetic multipole volume plasma source has been developed for use in intense ion/neutral atom beam injectors. The model uses plasma transport coefficients for particle and energy flow to create a detailed…
An electron-impact ion source based on photoelectron emission was developed for ionization of gases at pressures below 1e-4 mbar in an axial magnetic field in the order of 5 T. The ion source applies only DC fields, which makes it suitable…
Hadrontherapy is a novel technique of cancer radiation therapy which employs beams of charged hadrons, protons and carbon ions in particular. Due to their physical and radiobiological properties, they allow one to obtain a more conformal…
Compact, stable, and versatile laser-driven ion sources hold great promise for applications ranging from medicine to materials science and fundamental physics. While single-shot sources have demonstrated favorable beam properties, including…