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Related papers: The Density Operators of Qubit Systems in the Mult…

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The density operator is usually defined starting from a set of kets in the Hilbert space and a probability distribution. From this definition it is easy to obtain a factorization of a given density operator, here called density factor (DF).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Gianfranco Cariolaro , Edi Ruffa

By exploiting the peculiarities of a recently introduced formalism for describing open quantum systems (the Parametric Representation with Environmental Coherent States) we derive an equation of motion for the reduced density operator of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-23 Giovanni Spaventa , Paola Verrucchi

We present a robust method for quantum process tomography, which yields a set of Lindblad operators that optimally fit the measured density operators at a sequence of time points. The benefits of this method are illustrated using a set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 N. Boulant , T. F. Havel , M. A. Pravia , D. G. Cory

The standard toolkit of operators to probe quanta of geometry in loop quantum gravity consists in area and volume operators as well as holonomy operators. New operators have been defined, in the U(N) framework for intertwiners, which allow…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-24 Christophe Goeller , Etera R. Livine

The quantum mechanical position operators, and their products, are not well-defined in systems obeying periodic boundary conditions. Here we extend the work of Resta who developed a formalism to calculate the electronic polarization as an…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-12-25 William A. Wheeler , Lucas K. Wagner , Taylor L. Hughes

We first introduce and discuss density operator interpretations of quantum theory as a special case of a more general class of interpretations, giving special attention to a version that we call the `atomic version'. We then review some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guido Bacciagaluppi , Michael Dickson

The standard method of Quantum State Tomography (QST) relies on the measurement of a set of noncommuting observables, realized in a series of independent experiments. Ancilla Assisted QST (AAQST) proposed by Nieuwenhuizen and co-workers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-26 Abhishek Shukla , K. Rama Koteswara Rao , T. S. Mahesh

We study measures of quantum information when the space spanned by the set of accessible observables is not closed under products, i.e., we consider systems where an observer may be able to measure the expectation values of two operators,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-15 Sudip Ghosh , Suvrat Raju

In this paper we consider density matrices operator related to non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. In particular, we analyse two natural extensions of what is usually called a density matrix operator (DM), of pure states and of the entropy…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Fabio Bagarello , Francesco Gargano , Lidia Saluto

A closed expression for the density operator of the damped harmonic oscillator is extracted from the master equation based on the Lindblad theory for open quantum systems. The entropy and effective temperature of the system are subsequently…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Isar

This article presents a concrete mathematical framework for the generation of entangled quantum states from classical stochastic processes. We demonstrate that any density operator $\rho_{AB}$ of a composite system can be derived from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Andrei Khrennikov

Given a vector space of microscopic quantum observables, density functional theory is formulated on its dual space. A generalized Hohenberg-Kohn theorem and the existence of the universal energy functional in the dual space are proven. In…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 G. Rosensteel , Ts. Dankova

We propose a fast mixed-state control scheme to transfer the quantum state along designable trajectories in Hilbert space, which is robust to multiple decoherence noises. Starting with the dynamical invariants of open quantum systems, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 S. L. Wu , W. Ma , X. L. Huang , Xuexi Yi

Quantum state tomography (QST) scales exponentially in both measurement and computational cost, making full reconstruction impractical for multi-qubit systems. Existing approaches attempt to reduce this complexity, but do not explicitly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Ayush Chambyal , Brijesh , Rakesh Sharma

In this paper we discuss a model of quantum computer in which a state is an operator of density matrix and gates are general quantum operations, not necessarily unitary. A mixed state (operator of density matrix) of n two-level quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-10 Vasily E. Tarasov

Two qubit density matrices, which are of X-shape, are a natural generalization of Bell Diagonal States (BDSs) recently simulated on the IBM quantum device. We generalize the previous results and propose a quantum circuit for simulation of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-21 Fereshte Shahbeigi , Mahsa Karimi , Vahid Karimipour

Quantum estimation theory is a reformulation of random statistical theory with the modern language of quantum mechanics. In fact, the density operator plays a role similar to that of probability distribution functions in classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Bakmou Lahcen , Daoud Mohammed

We are interested in the differential equations satisfied by the density of the Geometric Stable processes $\mathcal{G}_{\alpha}^{\beta}=\left\{\mathcal{G}_{\alpha}^{\beta}(t);t\geq 0\right\} $, with stability \ index $% \alpha \in (0,2]$…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-05-01 Luisa Beghin

We study the Einstein gravity and dust system in three spacetime dimensions as an example of a non-perturbative quantum gravity model with local degrees of freedom. We derive the Hamiltonian theory in the dust time gauge and show that it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-08 Viqar Husain , Jonathan Ziprick

Characterization of mixed quantum states represented by density operator is one of the most important task in quantum information processing. In this work we will present a geometric approach to characterize the density operator in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Hoshang Heydari