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In the this paper, the authors propose to estimate the density of a targeted population with a weighted kernel density estimator (wKDE) based on a weighted sample. Bandwidth selection for wKDE is discussed. Three mean integrated squared…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-11-28 Bin Wang , Xiaofeng Wang

The probability density function (PDF) plays a central role in statistical and machine learning modeling. Real-world data often deviates from Gaussian assumptions, exhibiting skewness and exponential decay. To evaluate how well different…

Computation · Statistics 2025-12-05 Shantanu Sarkar , Mousumi Sinha , Dexter Cahoy

We introduce a new functional representation of probability density functions (PDFs) of non-negative random variables via a product of a monomial factor and linear combinations of decaying exponentials with complex exponents. This…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Gregory Beylkin , Lucas Monzon , Ignas Satkauskas

With the rise of the Internet of Things, strategies for effectively processing big data are essential for discovering meaningul insights. The time series datasets produced by groups of interconnected devices contain valuable underlying…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-04 Turner Richmond , Namita Lokare , Qian Ge , Edgar Lobaton

We introduce \emph{topological density estimation} (TDE), in which the multimodal structure of a probability density function is topologically inferred and subsequently used to perform bandwidth selection for kernel density estimation. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-10 Steve Huntsman

Probabilistic modelling of power systems operation and planning processes depends on data-driven methods, which require sufficiently large datasets. When historical data lacks this, it is desired to model the underlying data generation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-26 Kutay Bölat , Simon H. Tindemans , Peter Palensky

Learning probabilistic models that can estimate the density of a given set of samples, and generate samples from that density, is one of the fundamental challenges in unsupervised machine learning. We introduce a new generative model based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Siavash A. Bigdeli , Geng Lin , Tiziano Portenier , L. Andrea Dunbar , Matthias Zwicker

As the third paper in a series regarding the estimation of luminosity functions (LFs) via kernel density estimation (KDE), we present a further generalization of our framework by extending its applicability to multiple flux-limited samples.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-17 Zunli Yuan , Chuanqi Li , Wenjie Wang , Luozhenhan Liu

Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach is frequently used within Bayesian framework to sample the target posterior distribution. Its efficiency strongly depends on the proposal used to build the chain. The best jump proposal is the one that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-01 Mikel Falxa , Stanislav Babak , Maude Le Jeune

Traditional Bayesian approaches for model uncertainty quantification rely on notoriously difficult processes of marginalization over each network parameter to estimate its probability density function (PDF). Our hypothesis is that internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Rishabh Singh , Jose C. Principe

In many settings it is critical to accurately model the extreme tail behaviour of a random process. Non-parametric density estimation methods are commonly implemented as exploratory data analysis techniques for this purpose as they possess…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-04 Boris Beranger , Tarn Duong , Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick , Scott A. Sisson

In this paper we develop a kernel density estimation (KDE) approach to modeling and forecasting recurrent trajectories on a compact manifold. For the purposes of this paper, a trajectory is a sequence of coordinates in a phase space defined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Trevor K. Karn , Steven Petrone , Christopher Griffin

We propose ULFS-KDPE, a kernel debiased plug-in estimator based on the universal least favorable submodel, for estimating pathwise differentiable parameters in nonparametric models. The method constructs a data-adaptive debiasing flow in a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Haiyi Chen , Yang Liu , Ivana Malenica

When analyzing modern machine learning algorithms, we may need to handle kernel density estimation (KDE) with intricate kernels that are not designed by the user and might even be irregular and asymmetric. To handle this emerging challenge,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-09 Hau-Tieng Wu , Nan Wu

Density estimation is a fundamental task in statistics and machine learning applications. Kernel density estimation is a powerful tool for non-parametric density estimation in low dimensions; however, its performance is poor in higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Joseph A. Gallego , Fabio A. González

Signal processing techniques will lean on blind methods in the near future, where no redundant, resource allocating information will be transmitted through the channel. To achieve a proper decision, however, it is essential to know at least…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ferenc Balázs , Sándor Imre

Approximate query processing (AQP) is an interesting alternative for exact query processing. It is a tool for dealing with the huge data volumes where response time is more important than perfect accuracy (this is typically the case during…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-05-11 Witold Andrzejewski , Artur Gramacki , Jarosław Gramacki

In this paper, a nonparametric maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for band-limited (BL) probability density functions (pdfs) is proposed. The BLML estimator is consistent and computationally efficient. To compute the BLML estimator, three…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-30 Rahul Agarwal , Zhe Chen , Sridevi V. Sarma

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable emergent abilities to perform in-context learning across various tasks, including time series forecasting. This work investigates LLMs' ability to estimate probability density functions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Toni J. B. Liu , Nicolas Boullé , Raphaël Sarfati , Christopher J. Earls

For a larger set of predictions of several differently trained machine learning models, known as bagging predictors, the mean of all predictions is taken by default. Nevertheless, this proceeding can deviate from the actual ground truth in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Philipp Seitz , Jan Schmitt , Andreas Schiffler