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Partial label (PL) learning tackles the problem where each training instance is associated with a set of candidate labels that include both the true label and irrelevant noise labels. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-level generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Yan Yan , Yuhong Guo

Partial multi-label learning (PML) models the scenario where each training instance is annotated with a set of candidate labels, and only some of the labels are relevant. The PML problem is practical in real-world scenarios, as it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Tingting Yu , Guoxian Yu , Jun Wang , Maozu Guo

Complementary-Label Learning (CLL) is a weakly-supervised learning problem that aims to learn a multi-class classifier from only complementary labels, which indicate a class to which an instance does not belong. Existing approaches mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Wei-I Lin , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Partial label learning (PLL) is a class of weakly supervised learning where each training instance consists of a data and a set of candidate labels containing a unique ground truth label. To tackle this problem, a majority of current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Junghoon Seo , Joon Suk Huh

Partial Label Learning (PLL) is a typical weakly supervised learning task, which assumes each training instance is annotated with a set of candidate labels containing the ground-truth label. Recent PLL methods adopt identification-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jiayu Hu , Senlin Shu , Beibei Li , Tao Xiang , Zhongshi He

Different from the traditional supervised learning in which each training example has only one explicit label, superset label learning (SLL) refers to the problem that a training example can be associated with a set of candidate labels, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Chen Gong , Tongliang Liu , Yuanyan Tang , Jian Yang , Jie Yang , Dacheng Tao

We investigate the mechanisms of self-distillation in multi-class classification, particularly in the context of linear probing with fixed feature extractors where traditional feature learning explanations do not apply. Our theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Hyeonsu Jeong , Hye Won Chung

Partial Multi-label Learning (PML) is a type of weakly supervised learning where each training instance corresponds to a set of candidate labels, among which only some are true. In this paper, we introduce \our{}, a novel probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Łukasz Struski , Adam Pardyl , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

Multi-instance partial-label learning (MIPL) is an emerging learning framework where each training sample is represented as a multi-instance bag associated with a candidate label set. Existing MIPL algorithms often overlook the margins for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Wei Tang , Yin-Fang Yang , Zhaofei Wang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

Prior work on partial labels learning (PLL) has shown that learning is possible even when each instance is associated with a bag of labels, rather than a single accurate but costly label. However, the necessary conditions for learning with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Nicolas A. Errandonea , Santiago Mazuelas , Jose A. Lozano , Sanjoy Dasgupta

In partial multi-label learning (PML), each instance is associated with a set of candidate labels containing both ground-truth and noisy labels. The presence of noisy labels disrupts the correspondence between features and labels, degrading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yu Chen , Weijun Lv , Yue Huang , Xiaozhao Fang , Jie Wen , Yong Xu , Guanbin Li

Multi-label image recognition with partial labels (MLR-PL) is designed to train models using a mix of known and unknown labels. Traditional methods rely on semantic or feature correlations to create pseudo-labels for unidentified labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoxian Ruan , Zhihua Xu , Zhijing Yang , Guang Ma , Jieming Xie , Changxiang Fan , Tianshui Chen

In partial label learning (PLL), every sample is associated with a candidate label set comprising the ground-truth label and several noisy labels. The conventional PLL assumes the noisy labels are randomly generated (instance-independent),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Fuchao Yang , Jianhong Cheng , Hui Liu , Yongqiang Dong , Yuheng Jia , Junhui Hou

The goal of multi-label learning (MLL) is to associate a given instance with its relevant labels from a set of concepts. Previous works of MLL mainly focused on the setting where the concept set is assumed to be fixed, while many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Cheng-Yu Hsieh , Wei-I Lin , Miao Xu , Gang Niu , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Masashi Sugiyama

In this paper, we study the partial multi-label (PML) image classification problem, where each image is annotated with a candidate label set consists of multiple relevant labels and other noisy labels. Existing PML methods typically design…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Feng Sun , Ming-Kun Xie , Sheng-Jun Huang

Neural networks trained on real-world datasets with long-tailed label distributions are biased towards frequent classes and perform poorly on infrequent classes. The imbalance in the ratio of positive and negative samples for each class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Kevin Duarte , Yogesh S. Rawat , Mubarak Shah

Weakly supervised machine learning algorithms are able to learn from ambiguous samples or labels, e.g., multi-instance learning or partial-label learning. However, in some real-world tasks, each training sample is associated with not only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Wei Tang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

Although multi-label learning can deal with many problems with label ambiguity, it does not fit some real applications well where the overall distribution of the importance of the labels matters. This paper proposes a novel learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Xin Geng

Since federated learning (FL) has been introduced as a decentralized learning technique with privacy preservation, statistical heterogeneity of distributed data stays the main obstacle to achieve robust performance and stable convergence in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Yanhang Shi , Siguang Chen , Haijun Zhang

Learning with reduced labeling standards, such as noisy label, partial label, and multiple label candidates, which we generically refer to as \textit{imprecise} labels, is a commonplace challenge in machine learning tasks. Previous methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Hao Chen , Ankit Shah , Jindong Wang , Ran Tao , Yidong Wang , Xing Xie , Masashi Sugiyama , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj