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To fully utilize the energy-time degree of freedom of photons for optical quantum information processes, it is necessary to control and characterize the quantum states of the photons at extremely short time scales. For measurements beyond…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-27 Changliang Ren , Holger F. Hofmann

A photon detector combining the two avalanche photon diodes (APD) has been demonstrated for qubit discrimination in 1550 nm. Spikes accompanied with the signals in gated-mode were canceled by balanced output from the two APDs. The spike…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Akihisa Tomita , Kazuo Nakamura

We report here a complete experimental realization of one-way decoy-pulse quantum key distribution, demonstrating an unconditionally secure key rate of 5.51 kbps for a 25.3 km fibre length. This is two orders of magnitudes higher than the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Z. L. Yuan , A. W. Sharpe , A. J. Shields

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic technique that uses quantum mechanical principles to enable secure key exchange. Practical deployment of QKD requires robust, cost-effective systems that can operate in challenging field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Rui Guan , Jingchun Yu , Zhaoyun Li , Hongbo Xie , Yuxing Wei , Sen Li , Jing Wen , Xiaodong Liang , Yanwei Li , Kejin Wei

The decoy-state method is a prominent approach to enhance the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that operate with weak coherent laser sources. Due to the limited transmissivity of single photons in optical fiber, current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Daniil Trefilov , Xoel Sixto , Víctor Zapatero , Anqi Huang , Marcos Curty , Vadim Makarov

Propagation of a two-photon pulse in a waveguide coupled to a two-level system (TLS) is studied. The pulse is formed by two spatially separated identical wavepackets. A set of equations governing the dynamics of the photon distribution in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-31 Oleksandr O. Chumak , Evgeniy V. Stolyarov

Quantum key distribution establishes a secret string of bits between two distant parties. Of concern in weak laser pulse schemes is the especially strong photon number splitting attack by an eavesdropper, but the decoy state method can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jim W. Harrington , J. Mark Ettinger , Richard J. Hughes , Jane E. Nordholt

A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol describes how two remote parties can establish a secret key by communicating over a quantum and a public classical channel that both can be accessed by an eavesdropper. QKD protocols using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Esmaeil Karimi , Emina Soljanin , Philip Whiting

We propose a schematic setup of quantum key distribution (QKD) with an improved secret key rate based on high-dimensional quantum states. Two degrees-of-freedom of a single photon, orbital angular momentum modes, and multi-path modes, are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-29 Yonggi Jo , Hee Su Park , Seung-Woo Lee , Wonmin Son

Practical implementations of quantum cryptography use attenuated laser pulses as the signal source rather than single photons. The channels used to transmit are also lossy. Here we give a simple derivation of two beam-splitting attacks on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Mark Williamson , Vlatko Vedral

An energy-time entanglement-based dispersive optics quantum key distribution (DO-QKD) is demonstrated experimentally over optical fibers of 20 km. In the experiment, the telecom band energy-time entangled photon pairs are generated through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-30 Xu Liu , Xin Yao , Heqing Wang , Hao Li , Zhen Wang , Lixing You , Yidong Huang , Wei Zhang

We demonstrate the flexibility that a wavelength selective switch could offer to bandwidth provisioning of potential multi-user quantum key distribution networks based on entangled pair sources. We derive an analytical expression relating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-22 Jungmi Oh , Cristian Antonelli , Misha Brodsky

Quantum light pulses (QLPs) can be described by spatio-temporal modes, each of which is associated with a quantum state. In the mid-infrared spectral range, electro-optic sampling (EOS) provides a means to characterize quantum fluctuations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Geehyun Yang , Sandeep Sharma , Andrey S. Moskalenko

The practical realizations of BB84 quantum key distribution protocol using single-photon or weak coherent states have normally presented low efficiency, in the meaning that most bits sent by Alice are not useful for the final key. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Fabio Alencar Mendonca , Rubens Viana Ramos

Single-photon coherent optics represents a fundamental importance for the investigation of quantum light-matter interactions. While most work has considered the interaction in the steady-state regime, here we demonstrate that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Shushan Petrosyan , Yuri Malakyan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is rapidly transitioning from cutting-edge laboratory research to real-world deployment in established communication networks. Although QKD promises future-proof security, practical challenges stil exist due…

In quantum illumination, various detection schemes have been proposed for harnessing remaining quantum correlations of the entanglement-based resource state. To this date, the only successful implementation in the microwave domain relies on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 F. Kronowetter , M. Würth , W. Utschick , R. Gross , K. G. Fedorov

Quantum cryptographic key distribution (QKD) uses extremely faint light pulses to carry quantum information between two parties (Alice and Bob), allowing them to generate a shared, secret cryptographic key. Autocompensating QKD systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Donald S. Bethune , William P. Risk

Integrated photonics has the advantages of miniaturization, low cost, and CMOS compatibility, and it provides a stable, highly integrated, and practical platform for quantum key distribution (QKD). While photonic integration of optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-08 Lingwen Kong , Zhihao Li , Congxiu Li , Lin Cao , Zeyu Xing , Junqin Cao , Yaxin Wang , Xinlun Cai , Xiaoqi Zhou

The field of quantum information processing offers secure communication protected by the laws of quantum mechanics and is on the verge of finding wider application for information transfer of sensitive data. To overcome the obstacle of…