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The non-classicality of single quantum systems can be formalised using the notion of contextuality. But can contextuality be convincingly demonstrated in an experiment, without reference to the quantum formalism? The operational approach to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-19 Matthew F. Pusey , Lídia del Rio , Bettina Meyer

We show, under natural assumptions for qubit systems, that measurement-based quantum computations (MBQCs) which compute a non-linear Boolean function with high probability are contextual. The class of contextual MBQCs includes an example…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-28 Robert Raussendorf

We describe a scheme of quantum computation with magic states on qubits for which contextuality is a necessary resource possessed by the magic states. More generally, we establish contextuality as a necessary resource for all schemes of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-27 Robert Raussendorf , Dan E. Browne , Nicolas Delfosse , Cihan Okay , Juan Bermejo-Vega

Quantum theory departs from classical physics in its treatment of correlations, most prominently through the phenomena of contextuality and nonlocality. Once regarded primarily as foundational curiosities, these effects are now understood…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Jianqi Sheng , Dongkai Zhang , Lixiang Chen

Resource theories constitute a powerful theoretical framework and a tool that captures, in an abstract structure, pragmatic aspects of the most varied theories and processes. For physical theories, while this framework deals directly with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 Tiago Santos , Barbara Amaral

The most well-known tool for studying contextuality in quantum computation is the n-qubit stabilizer state tableau representation. We provide an extension that describes not only the quantum state, but is also outcome deterministic. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Christoffer Hindlycke , Jan-Åke Larsson

Contextuality is a key signature of quantum non-classicality, which has been shown to play a central role in enabling quantum advantage for a wide range of information-processing and computational tasks. We study the logic of contextuality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-09 Samson Abramsky , Rui Soares Barbosa

Quantum non-demolition measurements facilitate various quantum technologies, including quantum communication. Notably, their operational structure can be replicated by a classical model--referred to as a noncontextual model--making it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Min Namkung , Ilhwan Kim , Hyang-Tag Lim

In this work we analyse the notion of measurement non-contextuality (MNC) and identify contextual scenarios which involve sequential measurements of only a single measurement device. We show that any non-contextual ontological model fails…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-05 Jaskaran Singh , Rajendra Singh Bhati , Arvind

We combine the study of resources in measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) with that of quantum solutions to linear constraint systems (LCS). Contextuality of the input state in MBQC has been identified as a key resource for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Markus Frembs , Cihan Okay , Ho Yiu Chung

As a phenomenon encompassing measurement incompatibility and Bell nonlocality, quantum contextuality is not only central to our understanding of quantum mechanics, but also an essential resource in many quantum information processing tasks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Xiao-Dong Yu , Isadora Veeren , Otfried Gühne

Quantum contextuality describes situations where the statistics observed in different measurement contexts cannot be explained by a measurement independent reality of the system. The most simple case is observed in a three-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Holger F. Hofmann

Classical machine learning models struggle with learning and prediction tasks on data sets exhibiting long-range correlations. Previously, the existence of a long-range correlational structure known as contextuality was shown to inhibit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Mariesa H. Teo , Willers Yang , James Sud , Teague Tomesh , Frederic T. Chong , Eric R. Anschuetz

Quantum contextuality is a key nonclassical feature underlying advantages in quantum computation and communication. We introduce a new method to study contextuality in quantum information-processing tasks and protocols, relying solely on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Mina Doosti , Theodoros Yianni , Farid Shahandeh

Measurement-based quantum computation is a framework of quantum computation, where entanglement is used as a resource and local measurements on qubits are used to drive the computation. It originates from the one-way quantum computer of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Tzu-Chieh Wei

The ability to perform a universal set of quantum operations based solely on static resources and measurements presents us with a strikingly novel viewpoint for thinking about quantum computation and its powers. We consider the two major…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Panos Aliferis , Debbie W. Leung

Quantum theory has the intriguing feature that is inconsistent with noncontextual hidden variable models, for which the outcome of a measurement does not depend on which other compatible measurements are being performed concurrently. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-20 Hong-Yi Su , Jing-Ling Chen , Yeong-Cherng Liang

Models of a phenomenon are often developed by examining it under different experimental conditions, or measurement contexts. The resultant probabilistic models assume that the underlying random variables, which define a measurable set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Peter D. Bruza

Contextuality is a fundamental marker of quantum non-classicality, which has emerged as a key resource for quantum computational advantage in multiple settings. Many such results hinge specifically on contextuality witnessed through Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Raman Choudhary , Rui Soares Barbosa

We introduce a contextual quantum system comprising mutually complementary observables organized into two or more collections of pseudocontexts with the same probability sums of outcomes. These pseudocontexts constitute non-orthogonal bases…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 Mirko Navara , Karl Svozil