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Attention is a key factor for successful learning, with research indicating strong associations between (in)attention and learning outcomes. This dissertation advanced the field by focusing on the automated detection of attention-related…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Babette Bühler

In this paper, we propose an approach to track the progression of eye-gaze while reading a block of text on computer screen. The proposed approach will help to accurately quantify reading, e.g., identifying the lines of text that were…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Stephen Bottos , Balakumar Balasingam

The writing examples of English language learners may be different from those of native speakers. Given that there is a significant differences in second language (L2) learners' error types by their proficiency levels, this paper attempts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Min Zeng , Jiexin Kuang , Mengyang Qiu , Jayoung Song , Jungyeul Park

Subjective self-reports, collected with eye-tracking data, reveal perceived states like fatigue, effort, and task difficulty. However, these reports are costly to collect and challenging to interpret consistently in longitudinal studies. In…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Kamrul Hasan , Oleg V. Komogortsev

Identifying physiological and behavioral markers for mental health conditions is a longstanding challenge in psychiatry. Depression and suicidal ideation, in particular, lack objective biomarkers, with screening and diagnosis primarily…

We present a model for inferring where users look during interaction based on keypress data only. Given a key log, it outputs a scanpath that tells, moment-by-moment, how the user had moved eyes while entering those keys. The model can be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yujun Zhu , Danqing Shi , Hee-Seung Moon , Antti Oulasvirta

Human eye gaze plays a significant role in many virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications, such as gaze-contingent rendering, gaze-based interaction, or eye-based activity recognition. However, prior works on gaze analysis and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Zhiming Hu , Jiahui Xu , Syn Schmitt , Andreas Bulling

Estimating eye-gaze from images alone is a challenging task, in large parts due to un-observable person-specific factors. Achieving high accuracy typically requires labeled data from test users which may not be attainable in real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Seonwook Park , Emre Aksan , Xucong Zhang , Otmar Hilliges

The Eye Movements on Machine-Generated Texts Corpus (EMTeC) is a naturalistic eye-movements-while-reading corpus of 107 native English speakers reading machine-generated texts. The texts are generated by three large language models using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Lena Sophia Bolliger , Patrick Haller , Isabelle Caroline Rose Cretton , David Robert Reich , Tannon Kew , Lena Ann Jäger

The recent growth of sophisticated digital gaming technologies has spawned an \$8.1B industry around using these games for pedagogical purposes. Though Digital Game-Based Learning Systems have been adopted by industries ranging from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Brian An , Inki Kim , Erfan Pakdamanian , Donald E. Brown

Gaze following estimates gaze targets of in-scene person by understanding human behavior and scene information. Existing methods usually analyze scene images for gaze following. However, compared with visual images, audio also provides…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yuqi Hou , Zhongqun Zhang , Nora Horanyi , Jaewon Moon , Yihua Cheng , Hyung Jin Chang

Previous studies have illustrated the potential of analysing gaze behaviours in collaborative learning to provide educationally meaningful information for students to reflect on their learning. Over the past decades, machine learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Junyuan Liang , Qi Zhou , Sahan Bulathwela , Mutlu Cukurova

Speech has been a widely used modality in the field of affective computing. Recently however, there has been a growing interest in the use of multi-modal affective computing systems. These multi-modal systems incorporate both verbal and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Jonny O'Dwyer , Niall Murray , Ronan Flynn

Eye movement prediction is a promising area of research with the potential to improve performance and the user experience of systems based on eye-tracking technology. In this study, we analyze individual differences in gaze prediction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Kateryna Melnyk , Lee Friedman , Dmytro Katrychuk , Oleg Komogortsev

Eye-tracking has potential to provide rich behavioral data about human cognition in ecologically valid environments. However, analyzing this rich data is often challenging. Most automated analyses are specific to simplistic artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Karan Uppal , Jaeah Kim , Shashank Singh

Throughout the search process, the user's gaze on inspected SERPs and websites can reveal his or her search interests. Gaze behavior can be captured with eye tracking and described with word-eye-fixations. Word-eye-fixations contain the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Masoud Davari , Daniel Hienert , Dagmar Kern , Stefan Dietze

The permanence of eye movements as a biometric modality remains largely unexplored in the literature. The present study addresses this limitation by evaluating a novel exponentially-dilated convolutional neural network for eye movement…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Dillon Lohr , Henry Griffith , Oleg V Komogortsev

Eye movement and memory retrieval are deeply and bidirectionally intertwined, however existing literature is generally confined to controlled lab settings. We investigate the relationship between eye gaze and memory recall in free-form…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Emily Zhou , Marcus Ma , Kleanthis Avramidis , Gabor Mihaly Toth , Shrikanth Narayanan

Internal thought refers to the process of directing attention away from a primary visual task to internal cognitive processing. Internal thought is a pervasive mental activity and closely related to primary task performance. As such,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Michae Xuelin Huang , Jiajia Li , Grace Ngai , Hong Va Leong , Andreas Bulling

The Zurich Cognitive Language Processing Corpus (ZuCo) provides eye-tracking and EEG signals from two reading paradigms, normal reading and task-specific reading. We analyze whether machine learning methods are able to classify these two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Nora Hollenstein , Marius Tröndle , Martyna Plomecka , Samuel Kiegeland , Yilmazcan Özyurt , Lena A. Jäger , Nicolas Langer