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A fundamental problem on graph-structured data is that of quantifying similarity between graphs. Graph kernels are an established technique for such tasks; in particular, those based on random walks and return probabilities have proven to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Leo Huang , Andrew Graven , David Bindel

We study the problem of coloring a given graph using a small number of colors in several well-established models of computation for big data. These include the data streaming model, the general graph query model, the massively parallel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Suman K. Bera , Amit Chakrabarti , Prantar Ghosh

We propose two spectral algorithms for partitioning nodes in directed graphs respectively with a cyclic and an acyclic pattern of connection between groups of nodes. Our methods are based on the computation of extremal eigenvalues of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-05-09 H. Van Lierde , T. W. S. Chow , J. -C. Delvenne

We study networks that display community structure -- groups of nodes within which connections are unusually dense. Using methods from random matrix theory, we calculate the spectra of such networks in the limit of large size, and hence…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2012-05-10 Raj Rao Nadakuditi , M. E. J. Newman

Spectral clustering is one of the most popular methods for community detection in graphs. A key step in spectral clustering algorithms is the eigen decomposition of the $n{\times}n$ graph Laplacian matrix to extract its $k$ leading…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-10 Muni Sreenivas Pydi , Ambedkar Dukkipati

In this work we propose a random graph model that can produce graphs at different levels of sparsity. We analyze how sparsity affects the graph spectra, and thus the performance of graph neural networks (GNNs) in node classification on…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Luana Ruiz , Ningyuan Huang , Soledad Villar

Deep graph embedding is an important approach for community discovery. Deep graph neural network with self-supervised mechanism can obtain the low-dimensional embedding vectors of nodes from unlabeled and unstructured graph data. The…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Shuliang Xu , Shenglan Liu , Lin Feng

Graphs are central to modeling complex systems in domains such as social networks, molecular chemistry, and neuroscience. While Graph Neural Networks, particularly Graph Convolutional Networks, have become standard tools for graph learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Angelica Liguori , Ettore Ritacco , Pietro Sabatino , Annalisa Socievole

In an era of unprecedented deluge of (mostly unstructured) data, graphs are proving more and more useful, across the sciences, as a flexible abstraction to capture complex relationships between complex objects. One of the main challenges…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-10-17 Alaa Saade

A powerful framework for studying graphs is to consider them as geometric graphs: nodes are randomly sampled from an underlying metric space, and any pair of nodes is connected if their distance is less than a specified neighborhood radius.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Raffaele Paolino , Aleksandar Bojchevski , Stephan Günnemann , Gitta Kutyniok , Ron Levie

Large data applications rely on storing data in massive, sparse graphs with millions to trillions of nodes. Graph-based methods, such as node prediction, aim for computational efficiency regardless of graph size. Techniques like localized…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yushen Huang , Ertai Luo , Reza Babenezhad , Yifan Sun

Graphs are used in many disciplines to model the relationships that exist between objects in a complex discrete system. Researchers may wish to compare a network of interest to a "typical" graph from a family (or ensemble) of graphs which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Catherine Greenhill

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown advantages in graph-based analysis tasks. However, most existing methods have the homogeneity assumption and show poor performance on heterophilic graphs, where the linked nodes have dissimilar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Tianhao Peng , Wenjun Wu , Haitao Yuan , Zhifeng Bao , Zhao Pengrui , Xin Yu , Xuetao Lin , Yu Liang , Yanjun Pu

As communities represent similar opinions, similar functions, similar purposes, etc., community detection is an important and extremely useful tool in both scientific inquiry and data analytics. However, the classic methods of community…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Fanzhen Liu , Shan Xue , Jia Wu , Chuan Zhou , Wenbin Hu , Cecile Paris , Surya Nepal , Jian Yang , Philip S. Yu

We consider three distinct and well studied problems concerning network structure: community detection by modularity maximization, community detection by statistical inference, and normalized-cut graph partitioning. Each of these problems…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-11-13 M. E. J. Newman

Spectral analysis connects graph structure to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of associated matrices. Much of spectral graph theory descends directly from spectral geometry, the study of differentiable manifolds through the spectra of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Kun Dong , Austin R. Benson , David Bindel

The brain's structural and functional systems, protein-protein interaction, and gene networks are examples of biological systems that share some features of complex networks, such as highly connected nodes, modularity, and small-world…

The area of Data Analytics on graphs promises a paradigm shift as we approach information processing of classes of data, which are typically acquired on irregular but structured domains (social networks, various ad-hoc sensor networks).…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Ljubisa Stankovic , Danilo Mandic , Milos Dakovic , Milos Brajovic , Bruno Scalzo , Tony Constantinides

Graphs are widely used as a popular representation of the network structure of connected data. Graph data can be found in a broad spectrum of application domains such as social systems, ecosystems, biological networks, knowledge graphs, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Feng Xia , Ke Sun , Shuo Yu , Abdul Aziz , Liangtian Wan , Shirui Pan , Huan Liu

Spectral clustering refers to a family of unsupervised learning algorithms that compute a spectral embedding of the original data based on the eigenvectors of a similarity graph. This non-linear transformation of the data is both the key of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Nicolas Tremblay , Andreas Loukas