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Currently, the most prevalent way to evaluate an autonomous vehicle is to directly test it on the public road. However, because of recent accidents caused by autonomous vehicles, it becomes controversial about whether on-road tests should…

Applications · Statistics 2018-09-11 Zhiyuan Huang , Mansur Arief , Henry Lam , Ding Zhao

As highly automated vehicles reach higher deployment rates, they find themselves in increasingly dangerous situations. Knowing that the consequence of a crash is significant for the health of occupants, bystanders, and properties, as well…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Mohammadali Saffary , Nishan Inampudi , Joshua E. Siegel

Safety Case has become an integral component for safety-certification in various Cyber Physical System domains including automotive, aviation, medical devices, and military. The certification processes for these systems are stringent and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Shreyas Ramakrishna , Charles Hartsell , Abhishek Dubey , Partha Pal , Gabor Karsai

Unit testing verifies the presence of faults in individual software components. Previous research has been targeting the automatic generation of unit tests through the adoption of random or search-based algorithms. Despite their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Fabiano Pecorelli , Giovanni Grano , Fabio Palomba , Harald C. Gall , Andrea De Lucia

The safety of automated driving systems must be justified by convincing arguments and supported by compelling evidence to persuade certification agencies, regulatory entities, and the general public to allow the systems on public roads.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Jonas Krook , Yuvaraj Selvaraj , Wolfgang Ahrendt , Martin Fabian

Developing and fielding complex systems requires proof that they are reliably correct with respect to their design and operating requirements. Especially for autonomous systems which exhibit unanticipated emergent behavior, fully…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Matthew Litton , Doron Drusinsky , James Bret Michael

Fueled by massive amounts of data, models produced by machine-learning (ML) algorithms, especially deep neural networks, are being used in diverse domains where trustworthiness is a concern, including automotive systems, finance, health…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Tommaso Dreossi , Somesh Jha , Sanjit A. Seshia

Scenario-based testing using simulations is a cornerstone of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) software validation. So far, developers needed to choose between low-fidelity 2D simulators to explore the scenario space efficiently, and high-fidelity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Marc Kaufeld , Korbinian Moller , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Arcaini , Johannes Betz

Discovering potential failures of an autonomous system is important prior to deployment. Falsification-based methods are often used to assess the safety of such systems, but the cost of running many accurate simulation can be high. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Marc R. Schlichting , Nina V. Boord , Anthony L. Corso , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

We are motivated by the problem of autonomous vehicle performance validation. A key challenge is that an autonomous vehicle requires testing in every kind of driving scenario it could encounter, including rare events, to provide a strong…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Alec Farid , Peter Schleede , Aaron Huang , Christoffer Heckman

Autonomous vehicle safety and reliability are the paramount requirements when developing autonomous vehicles. These requirements are guaranteed by massive functional and performance tests. Conducting these tests on real vehicles is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Jie Tang , Shaoshan Liu , Chao Wang , Quan Wang

Deep reinforcement learning is actively used for training autonomous car policies in a simulated driving environment. Due to the large availability of various reinforcement learning algorithms and the lack of their systematic comparison…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Aizaz Sharif , Dusica Marijan

The increasing use of machine-learning (ML) enabled systems in critical tasks fuels the quest for novel verification and validation techniques yet grounded in accepted system assurance principles. In traditional system development,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Taejoon Byun , Sanjai Rayadurgam

With increasing complexity of Automated Driving Systems (ADS), ensuring their safety and reliability has become a critical challenge. The Verification and Validation (V&V) of these systems are particularly demanding when AI components are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Srajan Goyal , Alberto Griggio , Jacob Kimblad , Stefano Tonetta

The safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) must be validated prior to large-scale deployment. Among existing validation approaches, scenario-based testing has been regarded as a promising method to improve testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yongqi Zhao , Ji Zhou , Dong Bi , Tomislav Mihalj , Jia Hu , Arno Eichberger

The generation of safety-critical scenarios in simulation has become increasingly crucial for safety evaluation in autonomous vehicles prior to road deployment in society. However, current approaches largely rely on predefined threat…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangfan Liu , Yongkang Guo , Fangzhi Zhong , Tianyuan Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

As self-driving systems become better, simulating scenarios where the autonomy stack may fail becomes more important. Traditionally, those scenarios are generated for a few scenes with respect to the planning module that takes ground-truth…

We present a simulation-based approach for generating barrier certificate functions for safety verification of cyber-physical systems (CPS) that contain neural network-based controllers. A linear programming solver is utilized to find a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Cumhur Erkan Tuncali , James Kapinski , Hisahiro Ito , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Virtual testing has emerged as an effective approach to accelerate the deployment of automated driving systems. Nevertheless, existing simulation toolchains encounter difficulties in integrating rapid, automated scenario generation with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Dong Bi , Yongqi Zhao , Zhengguo Gu , Tomislav Mihalj , Jia Hu , Arno Eichberger

In the past two decades, autonomous driving has been catalyzed into reality by the growing capabilities of machine learning. This paradigm shift possesses significant potential to transform the future of mobility and reshape our society as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Richard Chakra