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Quantum computers can efficiently simulate the dynamics of quantum systems. In this paper, we study the cost of digitally simulating the dynamics of several physically relevant systems using the first-order product formula algorithm. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Minh C. Tran , Su-Kuan Chu , Yuan Su , Andrew M. Childs , Alexey V. Gorshkov

Simulating the dynamics of electrons and other fermionic particles in quantum chemistry, materials science, and high-energy physics is one of the most promising applications of fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, the overhead in…

We describe methods to construct digital quantum simulation algorithms for quantum spin systems on a regular lattice with local interactions. In addition to tools such as the Trotter-Suzuki expansion and graph coloring, we also discuss the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Guido Burkard

Local Hamiltonians of fermionic systems on a lattice can be mapped onto local qubit Hamiltonians. Maintaining the locality of the operators comes at the expense of increasing the Hilbert space with auxiliary degrees of freedom. In order to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Jannes Nys , Giuseppe Carleo

Achieving an accurate description of fermionic systems typically requires considerably many more orbitals than fermions. Previous resource analyses of quantum chemistry simulation often failed to exploit this low fermionic number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Sam McArdle , Earl Campbell , Yuan Su

Digital quantum simulation is a promising application for quantum computers. Their free programmability provides the potential to simulate the unitary evolution of any many-body Hamiltonian with bounded spectrum by discretizing the time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Adrien Bolens , Markus Heyl

As physical implementations of quantum architectures emerge, it is increasingly important to consider the cost of algorithms for practical connectivities between qubits. We show that by using an arrangement of gates that we term the…

Constructing a quantum computer requires immensely precise control over a quantum system. A lack of precision is often quantified by gate-error metrics, such as the average infidelity or the diamond distance. However, usually such…

Quantum computers are the ideal platform for quantum simulations. Given enough coherent operations and qubits, such machines can be leveraged to simulate strongly correlated materials, where intricate quantum effects give rise to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-14 Pierre-Luc Dallaire-Demers , Frank K. Wilhelm

Simulation of continuous time evolution requires time discretization on both classical and quantum computers. A finer time step improves simulation precision, but it inevitably leads to increased computational efforts. This is particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Hongzheng Zhao , Marin Bukov , Markus Heyl , Roderich Moessner

Efficient simulation of interacting fermionic systems is a key application of near-term quantum computers, but is hindered by the overhead required to encode fermionic operators on qubit hardware. Here, we consider models with $N$ fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Reinis Irmejs , J. Ignacio Cirac

A complex but important challenge in understanding quantum mechanical phenomena is the simulation of quantum many-body dynamics. Although quantum computers offer significant potential to accelerate these simulations, their practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-26 Gian Gentinetta , Friederike Metz , Giuseppe Carleo

The mapping of fermionic states onto qubit states, as well as the mapping of fermionic Hamiltonian into quantum gates enables us to simulate electronic systems with a quantum computer. Benefiting the understanding of many-body systems in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-12 Mark Steudtner , Stephanie Wehner

The goal of digital quantum simulation is to approximate the dynamics of a given target Hamiltonian via a sequence of quantum gates, a procedure known as Trotterization. The quality of this approximation can be controlled by the so called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-22 Lorenzo Pastori , Tobias Olsacher , Christian Kokail , Peter Zoller

As various quantum computing technologies continue to compete for quantum supremacy, several parameters have emerged as benchmarks for the quality of qubits. These include fidelity, coherence times, connectivity, and a few others. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-04 Daniel Koch , Avery Torrance , David Kinghorn , Saahil Patel , Laura Wessing , Paul M. Alsing

Variational quantum time evolution allows us to simulate the time dynamics of quantum systems with near-term compatible quantum circuits. Due to the variational nature of this method the accuracy of the simulation is a priori unknown. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Christa Zoufal , David Sutter , Stefan Woerner

When simulating the time evolution of quantum many-body systems on a digital quantum computer, one faces the challenges of quantum noise and of the Trotter error due to time discretization. The Trotter error in integrable spin chains can be…

Universal quantum simulation may provide insights into those many-body systems that cannot be described classically, and that cannot be efficiently simulated with current technology. The Trotter formula, which decomposes a desired unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-09 George C. Knee , William J. Munro

Near-term quantum simulators are mostly based on qubit-based architectures. However, their imperfect nature significantly limits their practical application. The situation is even worse for simulating fermionic systems, which underlie most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-29 Qingyu Li , Chiranjib Mukhopadhyay , Abolfazl Bayat

Nonequilibrium time evolution of large quantum systems is a strong candidate for quantum advantage. Variational quantum algorithms have been put forward for this task, but their quantum optimization routines suffer from trainability and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-12 Refik Mansuroglu , Felix Fischer , Michael J. Hartmann