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This paper introduces a Unified Model of Saliency and Importance (UMSI), which learns to predict visual importance in input graphic designs, and saliency in natural images, along with a new dataset and applications. Previous methods for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Camilo Fosco , Vincent Casser , Amish Kumar Bedi , Peter O'Donovan , Aaron Hertzmann , Zoya Bylinskii

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) provides tools to help understanding how the machine learning models work and reach a specific outcome. It helps to increase the interpretability of models and makes the models more trustworthy and…

We introduce a simple and intuitive framework that provides quantitative explanations of statistical models through the probabilistic assessment of input feature importance. The core idea comes from utilizing the Dirichlet distribution to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-20 Kamil Adamczewski , Frederik Harder , Mijung Park

Local feature-based explanations are a key component of the XAI toolkit. These explanations compute feature importance values relative to an ``interpretable'' feature representation. In tabular data, feature values themselves are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Hyunseung Hwang , Andrew Bell , Joao Fonseca , Venetia Pliatsika , Julia Stoyanovich , Steven Euijong Whang

Instance-dependent cost-sensitive (IDCS) classifiers offer a promising approach to improving cost-efficiency in credit scoring by tailoring loss functions to instance-specific costs. However, the impact of such loss functions on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Matteo Ballegeer , Matthias Bogaert , Dries F. Benoit

Risk scores are widely used for clinical decision making and commonly generated from logistic regression models. Machine-learning-based methods may work well for identifying important predictors, but such 'black box' variable selection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yilin Ning , Siqi Li , Marcus Eng Hock Ong , Feng Xie , Bibhas Chakraborty , Daniel Shu Wei Ting , Nan Liu

Practitioners use feature importance to rank and eliminate weak predictors during model development in an effort to simplify models and improve generality. Unfortunately, they also routinely conflate such feature importance measures with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Terence Parr , James D. Wilson , Jeff Hamrick

In the context of human-in-the-loop Machine Learning applications, like Decision Support Systems, interpretability approaches should provide actionable insights without making the users wait. In this paper, we propose Accelerated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 David Dandolo , Chiara Masiero , Mattia Carletti , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

Global feature effects such as partial dependence (PD) and accumulated local effects (ALE) plots are widely used to interpret black-box models. However, they are only estimates of true underlying effects, and their reliability depends on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-18 Timo Heiß , Coco Bögel , Bernd Bischl , Giuseppe Casalicchio

Machine learning is an essential tool for optimizing industrial quality control processes. However, the complexity of machine learning models often limits their practical applicability due to a lack of interpretability. Additionally, many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Georg Rottenwalter , Marcel Tilly , Victor Owolabi

Explainable AI (XAI) has been proposed as a valuable tool to assist in downstream tasks involving human and AI collaboration. Perhaps the most psychologically valid XAI techniques are case based approaches which display 'whole' exemplars to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Eoin Kenny , Eoin Delaney , Mark Keane

In order to ensure the reliability of the explanations of machine learning models, it is crucial to establish their advantages and limits and in which case each of these methods outperform. However, the current understanding of when and how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Célia Wafa Ayad , Thomas Bonnier , Benjamin Bosch , Sonali Parbhoo , Jesse Read

This paper presents an open-source Python toolbox called Ensemble Feature Importance (EFI) to provide machine learning (ML) researchers, domain experts, and decision makers with robust and accurate feature importance quantification and more…

As data-driven intelligent systems advance, the need for reliable and transparent decision-making mechanisms has become increasingly important. Therefore, it is essential to integrate uncertainty quantification and model explainability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Nijat Mehdiyev , Maxim Majlatow , Peter Fettke

In this growing age of data and technology, large black-box models are becoming the norm due to their ability to handle vast amounts of data and learn incredibly complex data patterns. The deficiency of these methods, however, is their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Justin Lin , Julia Fukuyama

Real-world applications often require improved models by leveraging a range of cheap incidental supervision signals. These could include partial labels, noisy labels, knowledge-based constraints, and cross-domain or cross-task annotations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Hangfeng He , Mingyuan Zhang , Qiang Ning , Dan Roth

AI explainability improves the transparency of models, making them more trustworthy. Such goals are motivated by the emergence of deep learning models, which are obscure by nature; even in the domain of images, where deep learning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Anna Arias-Duart , Ferran Parés , Dario Garcia-Gasulla , Victor Gimenez-Abalos

Missingness and measurement frequency are two sides of the same coin. How frequent should we measure clinical variables and conduct laboratory tests? It depends on many factors such as the stability of patient conditions, diagnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Jiacheng Liu , Jaideep Srivastava

A basic task in explainable AI (XAI) is to identify the most important features behind a prediction made by a black box function $f$. The insertion and deletion tests of Petsiuk et al. (2018) can be used to judge the quality of algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Naofumi Hama , Masayoshi Mase , Art B. Owen

As machine learning becomes an important part of many real world applications affecting human lives, new requirements, besides high predictive accuracy, become important. One important requirement is transparency, which has been associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Tiago Botari , Rafael Izbicki , Andre C. P. L. F. de Carvalho