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Machine translation (MT) systems translate text between different languages by automatically learning in-depth knowledge of bilingual lexicons, grammar and semantics from the training examples. Although neural machine translation (NMT) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Shilin He , Xing Wang , Shuming Shi , Michael R. Lyu , Zhaopeng Tu

Improving machine translation (MT) systems with translation memories (TMs) is of great interest to practitioners in the MT community. However, previous approaches require either a significant update of the model architecture and/or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Abudurexiti Reheman , Tao Zhou , Yingfeng Luo , Di Yang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) generates target words sequentially in the way of predicting the next word conditioned on the context words. At training time, it predicts with the ground truth words as context while at inference it has to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Wen Zhang , Yang Feng , Fandong Meng , Di You , Qun Liu

Multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) trained in multiple language pairs has attracted considerable attention due to fewer model parameters and lower training costs by sharing knowledge among multiple languages. Nonetheless,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Jian Yang , Yuwei Yin , Shuming Ma , Dongdong Zhang , Zhoujun Li , Furu Wei

Machine translation (MT) is an important task in natural language processing (NLP) as it automates the translation process and reduces the reliance on human translators. With the resurgence of neural networks, the translation quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Sameen Maruf , Fahimeh Saleh , Gholamreza Haffari

Conventional retrieval-augmented neural machine translation (RANMT) systems leverage bilingual corpora, e.g., translation memories (TMs). Yet, in many settings, monolingual corpora in the target language are often available. This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Maxime Bouthors , Josep Crego , François Yvon

Neural machine translation (NMT) has been accelerated by deep learning neural networks over statistical-based approaches, due to the plethora and programmability of commodity heterogeneous computing architectures such as FPGAs and GPUs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Robert Lim , Kenneth Heafield , Hieu Hoang , Mark Briers , Allen Malony

Neural machine translation (NMT) generates the next target token given as input the previous ground truth target tokens during training while the previous generated target tokens during inference, which causes discrepancy between training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Jianfeng Lu

Most languages lack sufficient data for large-scale monolingual pretraining, creating a "data wall." Multilingual pretraining helps but is limited by language imbalance and the "curse of multilinguality." An alternative is to translate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Dan John Velasco , Matthew Theodore Roque

Large language models have significantly advanced Multilingual Machine Translation (MMT), yet scaling to many languages while keeping quality robust across directions remains challenging. In this paper, we identify a failure mode of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yingfeng Luo , Ziqiang Xu , Yuxuan Ouyang , Murun Yang , Dingyang Lin , Kaiyan Chang , Tong Zheng , Bei Li , Peinan Feng , Quan Du , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Modern machine translation (MT) systems depend on large parallel corpora, often collected from the Internet. However, recent evidence indicates that (i) a substantial portion of these texts are machine-generated translations, and (ii) an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Cristian García-Romero , Miquel Esplà-Gomis , Felipe Sánchez-Martínez

Self-training has proven effective for improving NMT performance by augmenting model training with synthetic parallel data. The common practice is to construct synthetic data based on a randomly sampled subset of large-scale monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Wenxiang Jiao , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Shuming Shi , Michael R. Lyu , Irwin King

Multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) learns to translate multiple language pairs with a single model, potentially improving both the accuracy and the memory-efficiency of deployed models. However, the heavy data imbalance between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Chunting Zhou , Daniel Levy , Xian Li , Marjan Ghazvininejad , Graham Neubig

Machine Translation (MT) is one of the most prominent tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP) which involves the automatic conversion of texts from one natural language to another while preserving its meaning and fluency. Although the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Kavit Gangar , Hardik Ruparel , Shreyas Lele

Multilingual machine translation (MMT), trained on a mixture of parallel and monolingual data, is key for improving translation in low-resource language pairs. However, the literature offers conflicting results on the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Christos Baziotis , Biao Zhang , Alexandra Birch , Barry Haddow

Embedding matrices are key components in neural natural language processing (NLP) models that are responsible to provide numerical representations of input tokens.\footnote{In this paper words and subwords are referred to as \textit{tokens}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Krtin Kumar , Peyman Passban , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Yiu Sing Lau , Qun Liu

Multimodal machine translation (MMT) aims to improve translation quality by incorporating information from other modalities, such as vision. Previous MMT systems mainly focus on better access and use of visual information and tend to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yaoming Zhu , Zewei Sun , Shanbo Cheng , Luyang Huang , Liwei Wu , Mingxuan Wang

A multilingual tokenizer is a fundamental component of multilingual neural machine translation. It is trained from a multilingual corpus. Since a skewed data distribution is considered to be harmful, a sampling strategy is usually used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Shiyue Zhang , Vishrav Chaudhary , Naman Goyal , James Cross , Guillaume Wenzek , Mohit Bansal , Francisco Guzman

Back-translation (BT) of target monolingual corpora is a widely used data augmentation strategy for neural machine translation (NMT), especially for low-resource language pairs. To improve effectiveness of the available BT data, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Sahana Ramnath , Melvin Johnson , Abhirut Gupta , Aravindan Raghuveer

Scarcity of parallel sentence pairs is a major challenge for training high quality neural machine translation (NMT) models in bilingually low-resource scenarios, as NMT is data-hungry. Multi-task learning is an elegant approach to inject…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Poorya Zaremoodi , Gholamreza Haffari