Related papers: Probabilistic entailment and iterated conditionals
(l) I have enough evidence to render the sentence S probable. (la) So, relative to what I know, it is rational of me to believe S. (2) Now that I have more evidence, S may no longer be probable. (2a) So now, relative to what I know, it is…
Conformal prediction (CP) is widely presented as distribution-free predictive inference with finite-sample marginal coverage under exchangeability. We argue that CP is best understood as a rank-calibrated descendant of the…
In [7] we proposed a non-generational conjectural derivation of all first class constraints (involving, only, variables compatible with canonical Poisson brackets) for realistic gauge (singular) field theories; and we verified the…
In this paper we consider the inference rules of System P in the framework of coherent imprecise probabilistic assessments. Exploiting our algorithms, we propagate the lower and upper probability bounds associated with the conditional…
We generalize a new approach to entanglement conditions for light of undefined photons numbers given in [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 95}, 042113 (2017)] for polarization correlations to a broader family of interferometric phenomena. Integrated optics…
We study abductive, causal, and non-causal conditionals in indicative and counterfactual formulations using probabilistic truth table tasks under incomplete probabilistic knowledge (N = 80). We frame the task as a probability-logical…
In a recent article entitled "A simple explanation of the quantum violation of a fundamental inequality," Cabello proposes a condition on a class of probabilistic models that, he claims, gives the same bound on contextuality for the KCBS…
For a finite loop $Q$, let $P (Q)$ be the set of elements that can be represented as a product containing each element of $Q$ precisely once. Motivated by the recent proof of the Hall-Paige conjecture, we prove several universal…
Sequential hypothesis testing asks for decision rules that update as data arrive. A natural goal is \emph{eventual correctness}: the rule may change its mind early on, but it should make only finitely many wrong decisions almost surely.…
By the topological argument that the identity matrix is surrounded by a set of separable states follows the result that if a system is entangled at thermal equilibrium for some temperature, then it presents a phase transition (PT) where…
From behavioral sciences to biology to quantum mechanics, one encounters situations where (i) a system outputs several random variables in response to several inputs, (ii) for each of these responses only some of the inputs may "directly"…
We introduce a method for calculating \(p\)-values to test causal hypotheses in qualitative research \emph{a la} process tracing. As in an experiment, our \(p\)-value tells us how often one would make the same or more compelling…
Invariants are a set of properties over program attributes that are expected to be true during the execution of a program. Since developing those invariants manually can be costly and challenging, there are a myriad of approaches that…
We demonstrate that the EPR-Bohm probabilities can be easily obtained in the classical (but contextual) probabilistic framework by using the formula of interference of probabilities. From this point of view the EPR-Bell experiment is just…
We present an approach to support partiality in type-level computation without compromising expressiveness or type safety. Existing frameworks for type-level computation either require totality or implicitly assume it. For example, type…
We show that a family of random variables is uniformly integrable if and only if it is stochastically bounded in the increasing convex order by an integrable random variable. This result is complemented by proving analogous statements for…
Nested recurrence relations are highly sensitive to their initial conditions. The best-known nested recurrence, the Hofstadter $Q$-recurrence, generates sequences displaying a wide variety of behaviors. Most famous among these is the…
Let $K/\mathbb{Q}$ be a real cyclic extension of degree divisible by $p$. We analyze the {\it statement} of the "Real Abelian Main Conjecture", for the $p$-class group $\mathcal{H}_K$ of $K$, in this non semi-simple case. The classical {\it…
We prove a complexity dichotomy for a class of counting problems expressible as bipartite 3-regular Holant problems. For every problem of the form $\operatorname{Holant}\left(f\mid =_3 \right)$, where $f$ is any integer-valued ternary…
Several consistency notions are available for a lower prevision P assessed on a set D of gambles (bounded random variables), ranging from the well known coherence to convexity and to the recently introduced 2-coherence and 2-convexity. In…