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Quantum gate benchmarking is unavoidably influenced by state preparation and measurement errors. Randomized benchmarking addresses this challenge by employing group twirling to regularize the noise channel, then provides a characterization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Han Ye , Guoding Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Quantum computers have the potential to outperform classical computers in a range of computational tasks, such as prime factorisation and unstructured searching. However, real-world quantum computers are subject to noise. Quantifying noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-01 Conrad Strydom , Mark Tame

We introduce binary randomized benchmarking (BiRB), a protocol that streamlines traditional RB by using circuits consisting almost entirely of i.i.d. layers of gates. BiRB reliably and efficiently extracts the average error rate of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Jordan Hines , Daniel Hothem , Robin Blume-Kohout , Birgitta Whaley , Timothy Proctor

We describe a practical experimental protocol for robustly characterizing the error rates of non-Clifford gates associated with dihedral groups, including gates in SU(2) associated with arbitrarily small angle rotations. Our dihedral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Arnaud Carignan-Dugas , Joel J. Wallman , Joseph Emerson

We describe a scalable experimental protocol for obtaining estimates of the error rate of individual quantum computational gates. This protocol, in which random Clifford gates are interleaved between a gate of interest, provides a bounded…

Characterising quantum processes is a key task in and constitutes a challenge for the development of quantum technologies, especially at the noisy intermediate scale of today's devices. One method for characterising processes is randomised…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Ingo Roth , Richard Kueng , Shelby Kimmel , Yi-Kai Liu , David Gross , Jens Eisert , Martin Kliesch

Characterizing the noise in the set of gate operations that form the building blocks of a quantum computational device is a necessity for assessing the quality of the device. Here, we introduce randomized linear gate set tomography, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Yanwu Gu , Rajesh Mishra , Berthold-Georg Englert , Hui Khoon Ng

While fundamental scientific researchers are eagerly anticipating the breakthroughs of quantum computing both in theory and technology, the current quantum computer, i.e. noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computer encounters a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-28 Xudan Chai , Yanwu Gu , Weifeng Zhuang , Peng Qian , Xiao Xiao , Dong E Liu

We characterize control of a qutrit implemented in the lowest three energy levels of a capacitively-shunted flux-biased superconducting circuit. Randomized benchmarking over the qutrit Clifford group yields an average fidelity of 98.89…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-28 M. Kononenko , M. A. Yurtalan , S. Ren , J. Shi , S. Ashhab , A. Lupascu

Benchmarking of noise that is induced during the implementation of quantum gates is the main concern for practical quantum computers. Several protocols have been proposed that empirically calculate various metrics that quantify the error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-30 Adarsh Chandrashekar , Soumya Das , Goutam Paul

We introduce unitary-gate randomized benchmarking (URB) for qudit gates by extending single-and multi-qubit URB to single- and multi-qudit gates. Specifically, we develop a qudit URB procedure that exploits unitary 2-designs. Furthermore,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Mahnaz Jafarzadeh , Ya-Dong Wu , Yuval R. Sanders , Barry C. Sanders

This article characterizes the exact asymptotics of random Fourier feature (RFF) regression, in the realistic setting where the number of data samples $n$, their dimension $p$, and the dimension of feature space $N$ are all large and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-11 Zhenyu Liao , Romain Couillet , Michael W. Mahoney

Randomized algorithms have proven to perform well on a large class of numerical linear algebra problems. Their theoretical analysis is critical to provide guarantees on their behaviour, and in this sense, the stochastic analysis of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Alexandre Scotto Di Perrotolo , Youssef Diouane , Selime Gürol , Xavier Vasseur

Errors are common issues in quantum computing platforms, among which leakage is one of the most challenging to address. This is because leakage, i.e., the loss of information stored in the computational subspace to undesired subspaces in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-19 Bujiao Wu , Xiaoyang Wang , Xiao Yuan , Cupjin Huang , Jianxin Chen

Kernel methods give powerful, flexible, and theoretically grounded approaches to solving many problems in machine learning. The standard approach, however, requires pairwise evaluations of a kernel function, which can lead to scalability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Danica J. Sutherland , Jeff Schneider

Randomized algorithms for low-rank matrix approximation are investigated, with the emphasis on the fixed-precision problem and computational efficiency for handling large matrices. The algorithms are based on the so-called QB factorization,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Wenjian Yu , Yu Gu , Yaohang Li

Randomized benchmarking and variants thereof, which we collectively call RB+, are widely used to characterize the performance of quantum computers because they are simple, scalable, and robust to state-preparation and measurement errors.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Robin Harper , Ian Hincks , Chris Ferrie , Steven T. Flammia , Joel J. Wallman

Channel spectrum benchmarking (CSB) provides a robust framework for characterizing quantum gate fidelities while remaining insensitive to state preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors. Yet, current CSB implementations encounter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 D. K. Korliakov , B. I. Bantysh , A. S. Borisenko , I. V. Zalivako , E. O. Kiktenko

We give a randomness-efficient homomorphism test in the low soundness regime for functions, $f: G\to \mathbb{U}_t$, from an arbitrary finite group $G$ to $t\times t$ unitary matrices. We show that if such a function passes a derandomized…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Tushant Mittal , Sourya Roy

We propose a Gradient Boosting algorithm for learning an ensemble of kernel functions adapted to the task at hand. Unlike state-of-the-art Multiple Kernel Learning techniques that make use of a pre-computed dictionary of kernel functions to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-17 Léo Gautheron , Pascal Germain , Amaury Habrard , Emilie Morvant , Marc Sebban , Valentina Zantedeschi